Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 2300 (= GC 5370, Winnecke, Borelly (#2), [Tempel list V#21], 1860 RA 06 44 29, NPD 04 03.3) is "pretty bright, pretty large, a little extended, brighter middle." The position precesses to RA 07 32 34.3, Dec +85 42 52, only about 0.4 arcmin northeast of the galaxy listed above, the description fits and there is nothing comparable nearby, so the identification is certain.
Discovery Note: As noted by Gottlieb, though not by Dreyer, Tempel also observed the galaxy prior to its addition to the NGC, hence my addition of his name (in brackets) to Dreyer's note.
Usage By the Arp Atlas: NGC 2300 is used by the Arp Atlas as an example of an elliptical galaxy close to and perturbing a spiral galaxy (NGC 2276), with the note "Spiral somewhat pec., may be perturbed. See No. 25." (Arp 25 is NGC 2276, used by the Arp Atlas as an example of a spiral galaxy with one heavy arm; so 2276 is used in two Arp Atlas entries.)
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity relative to the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation of 1875 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 2300 is about 85 to 90 million light-years away, in almost inevitable agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of about 60 to 295 million light-years, and more or less reasonable agreement with the median redshift-independent distance estimate of about 105 to 110 million light-years, but not as good agreement with the HST press release distance for NGC 2276 of about 120 million light-years. The distortion of NGC 2276's southeastern region is thought to be due to a gravitational interaction with NGC 2300, as suggested by the Arp Atlas entry, and if that is correct then the two galaxies must have comparable distances, in which case the actual distance of NGC 2300 is probably at least 110 million light-years. Presuming that and given its apparent size of about 2.8 by 2.2 arcmin for the central region and about 6 by 5 arcmin for the extended halo (from the images below), NGC 2300 is about 90 thousand light-years across, and its halo spans about 190 thousand light-years.
Classification Note: Although categorized as an elliptical galaxy by the Arp Atlas, other references list NGC as a lenticular galaxy, and long-exposure images seem to show that its halo is somehwhat distorted, whence the tentative classification shown at the start of this entry.

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Physical Information: Apparent size 15 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 2.5 arcmin?

Historical Identification: The second IC lists a corrected RA (per Bigourdan) of 06 46 01.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.5 by 1.5 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 3.0 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 2.1 by 1.5 arcmin? (For now, see the wide-field image of NGC 2307)

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.7 by 1.6 arcmin? Used by the de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxy Types as an example of galaxy type SB(rs)ab.

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.8 by 1.2 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 5.0 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 4.3 by 0.8 arcmin?

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Discovery Notes: Herschel's published papers list the date of his first observation of WH VIII 60 as Nov 26, 1786, but according to Steinicke, he had already observed it before (presumably during studies of double stars) on Mar 4, 1783, as shown above.
Physical Information: Apparent size 7.0 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 5.0 by 2.5 arcmin?

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 2313 (= GC 1475, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 06 51 18, NPD 97 45.6) is "faint, very small, round." The position precesses to RA 06 58 03.2, Dec -07 56 39, on the eastern rim of the emission nebula listed above, the description fits (especially by adding the description of the star field noted below, and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is certain.
Discovery Note: Per Gottlieb, this object is listed as nonexistent in the error-riddled RNGC, but is "a very faint, very small, low surface brightness glow surface brightnes glow... of about 15 to 20 arcsec diameter," while Dreyer, using Lord Rosse's 72 inch telescope. wrote "pretty faint, pretty small, irrgularly round, fade away to the northeast." Both d'Arrest and Dreyer recorded two of the stars to the east of the nebula, helping to make its identification secure.
Note About PGC Designation: For purposes of completeness, LEDA assigns a PGC designation to almost all NGC/IC objects, regardless of their nature; in this case, a search of the database for that designation returns no result, hence its being placed in quotes.
Physical Information: NGC 2313 is a fan-shaped emission nebula lit up by the magnitude 14.5 variable star V565 Monocerotis, bounded on the west by a partially lit absorption nebula in which dense clouds of dust obscure everything behind it. The star and nebula are about 3750 light-years away. Given that and an apparent size of about 1.25 by 1.05 arcmin for the lit portions of the emission/absorption nebula (from the images below), NGC 2313 spans an irregular region not quite 1.5 light-years wide. The PanSTARRS image shows that there are far fewer visible stars in a region surrounding the nebula that is roughly 4 arcmin across, indicating the presence of clouds of gas and dust throughout that field of view; but they are not considered part of the NGC object, which is only the region significantly lit by V565 Mon.

Historical Identification:
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.1 by 0.8 arcmin?

Historical Identification: The second IC lists a corrected RA (per Bigourdan) of 06 51 40.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.3 by 0.3 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 4.0 by 3.0 arcmin? Part of a larger nebula.

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Physical Information: Given the duplicate entry, see NGC 2316 for anything else.

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Physical Information: Apparent size 16 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.4 by 0.8 arcmin?

Historical Identification: The second IC lists a corrected RA (per Bigourdan) of 06 55 08.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.4 by 1.1 arcmin?

Historical Identification: The second IC lists a corrected RA (per Bigourdan) of 06 55 10.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.1 by 0.4 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 2323 (= GC 1483 = JH 425, M 50, 1860 RA 06 56 13, NPD 98 08.8) is "a remarkable object, a cluster, very large, rich, pretty compressed, extended, stars from 12th to 16th magnitude".
Physical Information: Apparent size 15 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 8 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 3.0 by 1.5 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.9 by 1.8 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.0 by 0.6 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.0 by 1.0 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.3 by 0.8 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.3 by 1.1 arcmin?

Historical Identification: IC 457, but that identification is doubtful; so although the object usually identified as NGC 2330 would normally be discussed here, I have chosen to discuss its physical properties in the entry for IC 457, and reserve this entry for a historical discussion.) The first IC states "Not seen by Kobold (with the 18-inch refractor at Strassburg), who observed eleven nebulae about this place" (suggesting that he ought to have seen it if it exists and its recorded position was more or less accurate; however, given the 72 inch size of the Leviathan used by Stoney, the small size of the object may have made it unobservable in Kobold's telescope. This comment and the uncertainty about identification applies to both NGC 2330 and 2334).
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Physical Information: Apparent size 19 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.5 by 1.0 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.0 by 0.7 arcmin?

Historical Identification: The identification of NGC 2334 is very uncertain, and a proper discussion of what it might or might not be could comprise a monograph, so I will leave that for the next iteration of this page. Recent tradition equates it with IC 458 or IC 465, but both identifications are doubtful, and at least one must be wrong; so although the object identified as NGC 2334 would normally be discussed here, I have chosen to discuss the actual galaxies at the entries for IC 458 and 465, and reserve this entry for a historical discussion.) The first IC states "Not seen by Kobold (with the 18-inch refractor at Strassburg), who observed eleven nebulae about this place" (suggesting that he ought to have seen it if it exists, and its recorded position was more or less accurate; however, given the 72 inch size of the Leviathan used by Stoney, the small size of the object may have made it unobservable in Kobold's telescope. This comment applies to both NGC 2330 and 2334).

Historical Identification:
Physical Information: Apparent size 7.0 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 7.1 by 3.9 arcmin? Used by the de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxy Types as an example of galaxy type SAB(rs)bc.

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.7 by 1.7 arcmin?

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 2337 (= GC 5373, Stephan list VIII (#19), 1860 RA 07 00 06, NPD 45 19.4) is "extremely faint, small, extended". The position precesses to RA 07 10 13.1, Dec +44 27 29, right on the galaxy listed above, the description fits and there is nothing else nearby so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 435 km/sec, NGC 2337 is about 20 million light-years away (based on H = 73 km/sec/Mpc), in reasonable agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 25 to 40 million light-years, taking into account the importance of peculiar (non-Hubble redshift) velocities for such a close object. Assuming a commonly accepted distance of about 25 million light-years and its apparent size of about 2.7 by 1.8 arcmin (based on the images below), the galaxy is about 20 thousand light-years across. It has apparently undergone a very recent phase of stellar formation, as indicated by its numerous bright bluish star-forming regions. Its relative proximity to our galaxy (in comparison to more distant galaxies) should allow a relatively detailed study of its stellar components and among other things, the time period over which various episodes of stellar formation occurred.

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Physical Information: Apparent size 2.7 by 2.0 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.8 by 1.2 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 0.8 by 0.8 arcmin? (Probably a companion of NGC 2342) Recessional velocity 5160 km/sec.

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.4 by 1.3 arcmin? (Probably a companion of NGC 2341) Recessional velocity 5275 km/sec.

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Physical Information: Apparent size 6.0 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 1.5 by 1.2 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 12 arcmin?

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Note About PGC Designation: For purposes of completeness, LEDA assigns a PGC designation to NGC 2346, but a search of the database for that designation returns no result, so it is shown in quotes.
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.87 arcmin?

Historical Identification:
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.8 by 1.3 arcmin?

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Physical Information: Apparent size 11 arcmin?

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 2349 (= GC 1503 = WH VII 27, 1860 RA 07 03 16, NPD 98 24.0) is a "cluster, considerably large, poor, considerably compressed". The position precesses to RA 07 09 59.4, Dec -08 37 25, about 50 arcsec west of the position listed above. However, Corwin notes that the position listed by Dreyer is based on John Herschel's later observation of what was almost certainly a different "object", located about 50 arcsec west of Caroline's observation (a more detailed discussion will follow in the next iteration of this page). So although the position does not agree with Dreyer's listing, it almost exactly agrees with what Caroline (and later her brother William, who listed it as VII 27) observed, so the identity of Caroline and William's cluster seems certain. (This means that the object identified here as NGC 2349 is not the one cataloged by Dreyer; but is more historically correct in terms of what Dreyer and John Herschel thought they were listing, namely Caroline Herschel's discovery.)
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