Per Corwin, the position is so close to that for NGC 4189 that there is no doubt of the equality of the two entries, and the only explanation is that Schwassmann and Dreyer simply failed to notice the identity. It was pointed out by Adelaide Ames in her 1930 monograph and catalog of the Virgo Cluster. (This entry will only contain historical information; for anything else see NGC 4189.)

Per Corwin, the position is so close to that for NGC 4193 that there is no doubt of the equality of the two entries, and the only explanation is that Schwassmann and Dreyer simply failed to notice the identity. It was pointed out by Adelaide Ames in her 1930 monograph and catalog of the Virgo Cluster. (This entry will only contain historical information; for anything else see NGC 4193.)

Based on a recessional velocity of 910 km/sec, IC 3052 is about 40 million light years away, but for such small velocities peculiar (non-Hubble expansion) velocities can substantially effect the results, and the galaxy could be somewhat further away (it is listed as a member (VCC 93) of the Virgo Cluster, which is about 50 million light years away). Depending on the actual distance, its apparent size of 0.45 by 0.3 arcmin corresponds to 5 or 6 thousand light years, hence its designation as a dwarf galaxy.

Apparent size 0.8 by 0.4 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 95) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.6 by 0.45 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 109) of the Virgo Cluster.

Per Dreyer, IC 3055 (Frost #829, 1860 RA 12 07 16, NPD 77 09) has a "brighter middle, magnitude 15". The position precesses to RA 12 14 24.3, Dec +12 04 16, about 1.2 arcmin southeast of a triplet of galaxies known as PGC 1403639 and its companions, IC 3055 NED01 and IC 3055 NED02. There appears to be no question about the identification of this triplet with IC 3055; searches for IC 3055 in NED, LEDA and Wikisky all show the same group, and Corwin lists the positions of the individual members in his catalog. However, I have noticed some places where IC 3055 is misidentified as PGC 39104, a dwarf galaxy a few arcmin to the northeast, so that object is discussed immediately below, and labeled in the wide-field image of IC 3055. The two larger galaxies (NED01 and PGC 1403639) have recessional velocities of 19105 and 19070 km/sec. Based on that, a straightforward calculation indicates that the system is about 890 million light years away. However, for objects at such distances we should take into account the Universal expansion during the time it took their light to reach us. Doing that shows that IC 3055 was about 825 million light years away at the time the light by which we see it was emitted, about 850 million years ago (the difference between the two numbers being due to the expansion of the intervening space during the light-travel time). Given that, IC 3055 NED01 = SDSSJ121421.86+120526.0, with an apparent size of 0.2 by 0.15 arcmin, is about 50 thousand light years across, IC 3055 NED02 = SDSSJ121422.10+120530.8, with an apparent size of 0.07 by 0.07 arcmin, is about 15 thousand light years across, IC 3055 NED03 = PGC 1403639, with an apparent size of 0.35 by 0.3 arcmin, is about 85 thousand light years across, and the entire system, which with its extended arms has an apparent size of 1.1 by 0.4 arcmin, is about 260 thousand light years across.

PGC 39104 is listed as a member (VCC 113) of the Virgo Cluster, but based on a recessional velocity of 2090 km/sec, it is about 95 million light years away, which puts it on the far side of or even well beyond the Cluster. Given its presumed distance and an apparent size of 0.4 by 0.25 arcmin, it is about 10 thousand light years across. The only classification I could find was for a lenticular galaxy, but its appearance suggests that it is a dwarf irregular or a peculiar dwarf elliptical galaxy.

Per Corwin, there is nothing near Frost's position that he could have picked up on his plate, but there is a galaxy with the correct appearance (per Frost, "Streak, extended 1 arcmin at 50 degrees") exactly one degree south of the IC position. Its probable identification with IC 3056 was suggested by Adelaide Ames in her 1930 monograph and catalog of the Virgo Cluster, and since one-digit typographical errors are not uncommon, the identification seems certain. However, not all catalogs have accepted the identification, so IC 3056 is sometimes listed as nonexistent. Apparent size 1.05 by 0.45 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 119) of the Virgo Cluster.

The IC description is "considerably faint, small, round, possible defect". Per Corwin, the only object that might correspond to Stewart's record is well off the recorded position, and too faint to have registered on the relatively short-exposure image used by Stewart, so Stewart's supposition that the "object" was merely a plate defect is almost certainly correct.

Apparent size 0.7 by 0.4 arcmin.

Apparent size 1.6 by 1.3 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 126) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.9 by 0.5 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 129) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 2.2 by 0.4 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 131) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.9 by 0.5 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 134) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 1.0 by 0.6 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 135) of the Virgo Cluster.

Per Corwin, the position is so close to that for NGC 4206 that there is no doubt of the equality of the two entries, and the only explanation is that Schwassmann and Dreyer simply failed to notice the identity. It was pointed out by Adelaide Ames in her 1930 monograph and catalog of the Virgo Cluster.
Physical Information: Given the duplicate entry, see NGC 4206 for anything else.

Apparent size 1.1 by 0.8 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 140) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 1.0 by 0.2 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 143) of the Virgo Cluster.

Per Corwin, the double listing is due to errors by Javelle and Bigourdan in reducing the offsets from their comparison stars to the positions listed in the IC. If their offsets are reduced using modern data they fall right on the galaxy listed above; so the identification with that galaxy and the equality of the two listings are certain.
Physical Information: Given the duplicate entry, see IC 772 for anything else.

Apparent size 0.6 by 0.3 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.5 by 0.2 arcmin.

Per Dreyer, IC 3070 (Schwassmann #231, 1860 RA 12 08 17, NPD 76 10.9) is "very faint, very small". The position precesses to RA 12 15 25.0, Dec +13 02 23, almost exactly on the star listed above, lying a few arcmin northeast of the center of NGC 4206, and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is considered certain.

Per Dreyer, IC 3071 (Schwassmann #126, 1860 RA 12 08 23, NPD 79 40.5) is "extremely faint, extremely small". The position precesses to RA 12 15 31.6, Dec +09 32 47, almost exactly on a star a few arcmin south of NGC 4207, and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is considered certain.

Per Dreyer, IC 3072 (Schwassmann #127, 1860 RA 12 08 28, NPD 79 39.9) is "extremely faint, extremely small, questionable". The position precesses to RA 12 15 36.5, Dec +09 33 23, less than half an arcmin west of a star a few arcmin southeast of NGC 4207, and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is considered certain.

Apparent size 1.0 by 0.6 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 155) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 2.3 by 0.3 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 162) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.8 by 0.4 arcmin.

Per Dreyer, IC 3076 (Schwassmann #77, 1860 RA 12 08 56, NPD 80 08.6) is "very faint, very small". The position precesses to RA 12 16 04.6, Dec +09 04 42, almost exactly on a faint star, and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is considered certain.

Apparent size 0.9 by 0.7 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 170) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.5 by 0.5 arcmin. A starburst galaxy, and a Seyfert galaxy (type Sy 1.9). Listed as a member (VCC 174) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.5 by 0.4 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 177) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.6 by 0.5 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 176) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.6 by 0.4 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 178) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.8 by 0.2 arcmin.

Per Dreyer, IC 3083 (Frost #844, 1860 RA 12 09 16, NPD 76 38) has a "brighter middle, magnitude 15". The position precesses to RA 12 16 23.9, Dec +12 35 18, but there is nothing there. Per Corwin, the most likely candidate is PGC 1411150, which lies about 3 arcmin almost due south of Frost's position, and that identification has been hesistantly adopted by NED and (via cross-referencing) LEDA, and as a result, Wikisky. However, Steinicke has adopted a more cautious approach, and lists IC 3083 as "not found"; and I think everyone would agree that Frost's object may be lost or nonexistent. Still, having proposed a candidate, it seems appropriate to discuss the galaxy, as long as its identification as IC 3083 is stated as tentative. Apparent size 0.5 by 0.45 arcmin, Vr 19310 km/sec (so well over 800 million light years away).

Apparent size 0.35 by 0.25 arcmin. (Due to the proximity of 5th-magnitude 7 Comae Berenices, multi-wavelength images of the area near IC 3084 are badly overexposed and discolored; so monochrome images have been used in their place.)

Per Dreyer, IC 3085 (Schwassmann #128, 1860 RA 12 09 18, NPD 79 45.1) is "extremely faint, very small, = 13th-magnitude star". The position precesses to RA 12 16 26.4, Dec +09 28 12, almost exactly on the westernmost of three 13th-magnitude stars; so the last part of the description appears to have been perfect, and the identification of IC 3085 as that star listed above is considered certain.

Per Dreyer, IC 3086 (Schwassmann #78, 1860 RA 12 09 19, NPD 80 12.8) is "extremely faint, very small". The position precesses to RA 12 16 27.5, Dec +09 00 30, right on the brighter member of a close double, which (per Corwin) is thereby positively identified as IC 3086.

Per Dreyer, IC 3087 (Schwassmann #234, 1860 RA 12 09 20, NPD 75 56.0) is "faint, small, extremely extended 30°, nebulosity uncertain". The position precesses to RA 12 16 27.7, Dec +13 17 18, a second of time east of the midpoint of a pair of stars oriented at the same 30° specified by the IC; so per Corwin, the identification of that pair with IC 3087 is certain. (Despite that, IC 3087 is often mistakenly equated with spiral galaxy NGC 4222.)

Per Dreyer, IC 3088 (Schwassmann #129, 1860 RA 12 09 21, NPD 79 45.6) is "very faint, very small, = 14th-magnitude star". The position precesses to RA 12 16 29.4, Dec +09 27 42, just east of the star listed above (the southeastern member of the trio involving IC 3085), so it appears that the last part of the IC description was perfect. However, the offset between Schwassmann's position and that star is larger than for any of the other stellar objects listed above, so although Corwin considers the aforementioned star the best candidate for IC 3088, he thinks it possible that the northeastern star, or even the pair of eastern stars in the triad might have been Schwassmann's #129.

Apparent size 0.6 by 0.4 arcmin.

Per Dreyer, IC 3090 (Schwassmann #79, 1860 RA 12 09 24, NPD 79 46.9) is "very faint, very small". The position precesses to RA 12 16 32.4, Dec +09 26 24, just northeast of the midpoint of the pair of stars noted above, which per Corwin must be Schwassmann's #79, and therefore IC 3090.

Apparent size 2.4 by 0.6 arcmin (including extended arms). Listed as a member (VCC 193) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.4 by 0.2 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.4 by 0.3 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 206) of the Virgo Cluster. (A double system?)

Apparent size 0.5 by 0.5 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 213) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.6 by 0.2 arcmin.

Apparent size 1.2 by 0.4 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 209) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.6 by 0.3 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 216) of the Virgo Cluster.

Per Corwin, the position and description for IC 3098 match NGC 4235 (which see for anything else) very well, so Schwassmann and Dreyer must have simply overlooked the identity, leading to the double listing.

Apparent size 2.3 by 0.3 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 224) of the Virgo Cluster.