Per Dreyer, IC 3350 (Schwassmann 102, 1860 RA 12 19 40, NPD 79 46.8) is a "10.5 magnitude star with nebulosity to southwest". The position precesses to RA 12 26 47.0, Dec +09 26 40, almost on top of the star listed above, and even though there is no nebulosity the identification seems certain.

Per Dreyer, IC 3351 (Wolf list IV #124, 1860 RA 12 19 41, NPD 61 37.1) is "extremely faint, small, irregular figure". The position precesses to RA 12 26 41.2, Dec +27 36 22, right on the star listed above, so the identification is considered certain.

Per Dreyer, IC 3352 (Schwassmann 103, 1860 RA 12 19 41, NPD 80 28.0) is "faint, pretty small, extended". The position precesses to RA 12 26 48.2, Dec +08 45 28 (whence the position above), but there is nothing there. As noted by Corwin, there is a faint galaxy (PGC 94213) a couple of arcmin to the southwest, but aside from the positional error it would probably have been described as "extremely faint" or "most extremely faint", so it is generally thought that #103 was a defect on Schwassmann's plate (which unfortunately no longer exists), and the IC entry represents a nonexistent object.

Based on a recessional velocity of 7495 km/sec, PGC 94213 is about 350 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of 0.4 by 0.2 arcmin, it is about 40 thousand light years across.

Per Dreyer, IC 3353 (Wolf list IV #125, 1860 RA 12 19 42, NPD 61 18.7) is "extremely faint, small, irregular figure". The position precesses to RA 12 26 42.1, Dec +27 54 46, less than an arcmin west of the galaxy listed above, so the identification is reasonably certain (however, some references list IC 3353 as a faint star closer to Wolf's position). Based on a recessional velocity of 4410 km/sec, IC 3353 is about 205 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of 0.8 by 0.15 arcmin, it is about 50 thousand light years across.

Per Dreyer, IC 3354 (Schwassmann 187, 1860 RA 12 19 46, NPD 77 07.7) is "extremely faint, small, questionable". The position precesses to RA 12 26 52.1, Dec +12 05 46, almost on top of the star listed above, and given the "questionable" nature of the entry, the identification seems certain.

Apparent size 1.1 by 0.5 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 945) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 1.5 by 0.9 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 950) of the Virgo Cluster.

Based on a recessional velocity of 14075 km/sec, a straightforward calculation indicates that IC 3357 is about 655 million light years away. However, for objects at such distances we should take into account the Universal expansion during the time it took their light to reach us. Doing that shows that the galaxy was about 620 million light years away at the time the light by which we see it was emitted, about 635 million years ago (the difference between the two numbers being due to the expansion of the intervening space during the light-travel time). Given that and its apparent size of 0.5 by 0.25 arcmin, the galaxy is about 90 thousand light years across. Listed as a member (VCC 946) of the Virgo Cluster, but not really a member, since hundreds of millions of light years further away.

Apparent size 1.5 by 0.9 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 951) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.45 by 0.2 arcmin.

Per Dreyer, IC 3360 (Wolf list IV #127, 1860 RA 12 19 50, NPD 63 10.6) is "extremely faint, very small, irregular figure". The position precesses to RA 12 26 50.8, Dec +26 02 52, almost exactly on the star listed above, and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is considered certain.

Per Dreyer, IC 3361 (Frost 907, 1860 RA 12 19 52, NPD 78 35) is "round, brighter middle, magnitude 15.5". The position precesses to RA 12 26 58.6, Dec +10 38 28, but there is nothing there. Corwin notes two possible candidates for what Frost saw: PGC 165162, a fainter but higher surface brightness galaxy 5 seconds east of the IC position, and PGC 40759, a brighter but lower surface brightness galaxy 5 seconds west of the IC position. The latter has the same size and brightness listed by Adelaide Ames while measuring Frost's plate for her Virgo Cluster catalog thirty years later, and is therefore considered more likely to be what Frost observed (hence its identification with this entry). Apparent size 1.0 by 0.6 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 949) of the Virgo Cluster.

As noted above, one of two candidates for a href=discoverers.htm#frost>Frost's 907, or IC 3361; but due to its extreme faintness, less likely to be that object than PGC 40759. Whether in any way related to IC 3361 or not, PGC 165162 is an interesting object, as it has an enormous distance. Based on a recessional velocity of 39595 km/sec, a straightforward calculation indicates that it is about 1845 million light years away. However, for objects at such distances we should take into account the Universal expansion during the time it took their light to reach us. Doing that shows that the galaxy was about 1585 million light years away at the time the light by which we see it was emitted, about 1685 million years ago (the 100 million year difference between the two numbers being due to the expansion of the intervening space during the light-travel time). Given that and its apparent size of 0.27 by 0.13 arcmin, it is about 125 thousand light years across.

Apparent size 0.5 by 0.5 arcmin.

Apparent size 1.3 by 0.4 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 965) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.4 by 0.2 arcmin.

Apparent size 1.7 by 0.7 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 980) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.3 by 0.2 arcmin.

Apparent size 1.25 by 1.2 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.7 by 0.5 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 994) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.85 by 0.6 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 990) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 2.1 by 1.6 arcmin. A 'box-shaped' lenticular galaxy, previously cataloged as a peculiar elliptical.

Apparent size 1.8 by 0.2 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 995) of the Virgo Cluster.

Per Dreyer, IC 3372 (Wolf list IV #132, 1860 RA 12 20 24, NPD 63 56.3) is "very faint, very small, brighter middle, spiral". The position precesses to RA 12 27 24.9, Dec +25 17 11, right on the galaxy, so the identification is certain. Per Corwin, a print of the original plate shows what appears to be a star and a superimposed plate defect, so the object is often listed as a star; however, it is actually a very distant galaxy that appears so small that it looks nearly stellar. Based on a recessional velocity of 18885 km/sec, a straightforward calculation indicates that IC 3372 is about 880 million light years away. However, for objects at such distances we should take into account the Universal expansion during the time it took their light to reach us. Doing that shows that the galaxy was about 815 million light years away at the time the light by which we see it was emitted, about 840 million years ago (the difference in the two numbers being due to the expansion of the intervening space during the light-travel time). Given that and its apparent size of 0.14 by 0.12 arcmin, the galaxy is about 35 thousand light years across.

Apparent size 0.5 by 0.3 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.7 by 0.5 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1021) of the Virgo Cluster.

Per Dreyer, IC 3375 (Wolf list IV #134, 1860 RA 12 20 41, NPD 61 51.5) is "faint, very small, round, attached 14th magnitude star to southwest". The position precesses to RA 12 27 40.9, Dec +27 21 59, practically on the star listed above, and the brighter star to its southwest seems to confirm the description, so the identity is considered certain.

Apparent size 1.7 by 1.3 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.3 by 0.15 arcmin.

Per Dreyer, NGC 3378 (Frost 914, 1860 RA 12 21 05, NPD 71 55) is one of "2 nebulae, 1' apart, magnitude 15.5". The position precesses to RA 12 28 08.9, Dec +17 18 30, and although there is nothing at Frost's exact position, there is a pair of galaxies separated by about an arcmin, only 1.5 arcmin to the west; so the western member of the pair must be IC 3378, and the eastern IC 3379. This agrees with the listings in NED, but not in all other references, so the reader may run across contradictory identifications. Apparent size 0.4 by 0.25 arcmin.

Per Dreyer, NGC 3379 (Frost 914, 1860 RA 12 21 05, NPD 71 55) is one of "2 nebulae, 1' apart, magnitude 15.5". The position precesses to RA 12 28 08.9, Dec +17 18 30, and although there is nothing at Frost's exact position, there is a pair of galaxies separated by about an arcmin, only 1.5 arcmin to the west; so the western member of the pair must be IC 3378 (which see for images), and the eastern IC 3379. It is on that basis that the two entries are assigned to the galaxies as shown here. This agrees with the listings in NED, but LEDA assigns both IC numbers to the brighter galaxy, so the reader may run across contradictory identifications. Apparent size 0.55 by 0.2 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1066) of the Virgo Cluster, but not really a member, as much further away.

Apparent size 0.3 by 0.25 arcmin.

The galaxy's recessional velocity of 675 km/sec is too small in comparison to peculiar (non-Hubble expansion) velocities to provide a reliable distance estimate, and the corresponding value of 30 million light years is considerably less than redshift-independent distance estimates of 40 to 60 million light years, which suggest that it is a member of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies (it is listed as a member (VCC 1087) of the Cluster). If about 50 million light years away, its apparent size of 1.35 by 0.9 arcmin corresponds to about 20 thousand light years across. As a result, it is classified as a dwarf elliptical, with a brighter than usual nucleus.

Apparent size 0.9 by 0.2 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1064) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.95 by 0.65 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1075) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.5 by 0.2 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.5 by 0.4 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.6 by 0.3 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1101) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.35 by 0.25 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.9 by 0.6 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1104) of the Virgo Cluster.

Per Dreyer, IC 3389 (Wolf list IV #142, 1860 RA 12 21 25, NPD 61 22.8) is "very faint, small, irregular figure". The position precesses to RA 12 28 24.4, Dec +27 50 42, on the eastern member of a pair of very faint galaxies; but that object is probably too faint for Wolf to have observed, and if he had been able to observe it, too small for him to have thought it anything but a star. So the only possible indentification is with the brighter western galaxy, listed above. Based on a redshift of 37995 km/sec, a straightforward calculation indicates that IC 3389 is about 1770 million light years away. However, for objects at such distances we should take into account the Universal expansion during the time it took their light to reach us. Doing that shows that the galaxy was about 1530 million light years away at the time the light by which we see it was emitted, about 1625 million years ago (the nearly 100 million year difference between the two numbers being due to the expansion of the intervening space during the light-travel time). Given that and its apparent size of 0.2 by 0.13 arcmin, it is about 90 thousand light years across.

Apparent size 0.45 by 0.35 arcmin.

Apparent size 1.75 by 1.25 arcmin.

Apparent size 2.6 by 1.0 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1126) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 1.3 by 0.4 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1122) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.85 by 0.65 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.45 by 0.25 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.25 by 0.15 arcmin. (See IC 3395 for images.)

Apparent size 0.5 by 0.4 arcmin.

Per Dreyer, IC 3398 (Schwassmann 279, 1860 RA 12 21 54, NPD 75 39.6) is "considerably faint, very small". The position precesses to RA 12 28 59.1, Dec +13 33 55, just east of the star listed above, and there is nothing else close enough to be a reasonable candidate, so the identification is certain.

Per Dreyer, IC 3399 (Wolf list IV #149, 1860 RA 12 21 56, NPD 63 31.7) is "very faint, very small, round, brighter middle". The position precesses to RA 12 28 56.1, Dec +25 41 49, almost exactly on the star listed above, and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is certain. (See IC 3397 for a wide-field view showing IC 3399.)