Per Dreyer, IC 3400 (Schwassmann 108, 1860 RA 12 21 56, NPD 79 49.1) is "considerably bright, considerably small, = 10th magnitude star". The position precesses to RA 12 29 02.7, Dec +09 24 25, right on the star listed above, and there is nothing else nearby, so the identity is certain. Per Corwin, the identity was first noted by Adelaide Ames.

Apparent size 0.33 by 0.25 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.9 by 0.1 arcmin.

Based on a recessional velocity of 14570 km/sec, a straightforward calculation indicates that IC 3403 is about 680 million light years away. However, for objects at such distances we should take into account the Universal expansion during the time it took their light to reach us. Doing that shows that the galaxy was about 640 million light years away at the time the light by which we see it was emitted, about 655 million years ago (the difference between the two numbers being due to the expansion of the intervening space during the light-travel time). Given that and its apparent size of 0.42 by 0.35 arcmin, the galaxy is about 80 thousand light years across.

Per Dreyer, IC 3404 (Schwassmann 22, 1860 RA 12 22 03, NPD 82 04.3) is "considerably bright, considerably small, round, much brighter middle". The position precesses to RA 12 29 10.5, Dec +07 09 13 (whence the position above), but there is nothing there. Per Corwin, the "object" was probably a plate defect.

Apparent size 0.7 by 0.2 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.5 by 0.3 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.9 by 0.5 arcmin.

Per Dreyer, IC 3408 (Schwassmann 194, 1860 RA 12 22 10, NPD 77 21.0) is "bright, stellar, possibly 9.5 magnitude star". The position precesses to RA 12 29 15.7, Dec +11 52 31, right on the star listed above, so the identification is certain.

Apparent size 0.6 by 0.5 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.5 by 0.5 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.45 by 0.15 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.95 by 0.35 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1179) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 1.3 by 0.65 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1183) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 1.5 by 0.9 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1189) of the Virgo Cluster.

Per Dreyer, IC 3415 (Wolf list IV #156, 1860 RA 12 22 23, NPD 62 27.5) is "faint, very small, brighter middle, spiral, possibly nebulous star". The position precesses to RA 12 29 22.5, Dec +26 46 01, almost on the star listed above, and given the description the identification is certain.

Apparent size 0.9 by 0.4 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1200) of the Virgo Cluster.

Per Dreyer, IC 3417 (Schwassmann 60, 1860 RA 12 22 32, NPD 81 21.8) is "extremely faint, very small, possibly a star". The position precesses to RA 12 29 39.2, Dec +07 51 44, almost exactly on the star listed above, and given the description the identification is certain. (For an image, see the wide-field view of NGC 4470.)

Apparent size 1.5 by 1.0 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1217) of the Virgo Cluster. Although a relatively ordinary looking galaxy in visible light, IC 3418 displays a dramatic "tail" in ultraviolet light, caused by rapid star formation in clouds of gas "stripped out" of the main part of the galaxy by its motion through the Virgo Cluster at a speed of about 2 million miles per hour relative to intergalactic gas within the cluster.

Apparent size 0.65 by 0.35 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1222) of the Virgo Cluster.

Per Dreyer, IC 3420 (Schwassmann 257, 1860 RA 12 22 38, NPD 75 46.9) is "very faint, small, round, very questionable". The position precesses to RA 12 29 43.0, Dec +13 26 38, just southeast of the star listed above, and there is nothing else nearby save for NGC 4473 (which see for a closer view), and given the description as "very questionable", the identification is considered certain.

Apparent size 0.7 by 0.55 arcmin.

Based on a recessional velocity of 24050 km/sec, a straightforward calculation indicates that IC 3422 is about 1120 million light years away. However, for objects at such distances we should take into account the Universal expansion during the time it took their light to reach us. Doing that shows that the galaxy was about 1020 million light years away at the time the light by which we see it was emitted, about 1060 million years ago (the difference between the numbers being due to the expansion of the intervening space during the light-travel time). Given that and its apparent size of 0.55 by 0.4 arcmin, the galaxy is about 160 thousand light years across. It may be a starburst or Seyfert galaxy, as its nucleus is unusually bright in comparison to its relatively undefined structure.

Per Dreyer, IC 3423 (Schwassmann 282, 1860 RA 12 22 42, NPD 75 34.0) is "very faint, very small". The position precesses to RA 12 29 46.9, Dec +13 39 32, right on the star listed above, and there is nothing else nearby save for NGC 4477 (which see for a closer view), so the identification is certain.

Apparent size 0.2 by 0.1 arcmin.

Apparent size 1.6 by 0.7 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1243) of the Virgo Cluster, but not actually a member of the Cluster, since much further away.

Per Dreyer, IC 3426 (Schwassmann 284, 1860 RA 12 22 57, NPD 75 37.4) is "very faint, very small". The position precesses to RA 12 30 01.9, Dec +13 36 08, about 0.3 arcmin northeast of the star listed above, and there is nothing near save NGC 4477 (which see for a closer view), so the identification is certain.

Per Dreyer, IC 3427 (Schwassmann 158, Frost, 1860 RA 12 23 05, NPD 78 26.8) is "faint, very small, excentric nucleus to east". The position precesses to RA 12 30 11.0, Dec +10 46 44, right on the galaxy, so the identification is certain. Dreyer's notes for the second IC include a comment about Bigourdan's corrected position for NGC 4482. That position puts NGC 4482 two arcmin directly south of IC 3427, so the duplicate entry might have been avoided with a little more investigation; but per Corwin, Adelaide Ames was the first to realize the duplication, over twenty years later. (See NGC 4482 for anything else.)

Per Dreyer, IC 3428 (Wolf list IV #160, 1860 RA 12 23 07, NPD 65 33.1) is "faint, small, round, brighter middle". The position precesses to RA 12 30 07.6, Dec +23 40 26, almost exactly on the star listed above, and there is nothing else nearby so the identification is certain.

Apparent size 0.3 by 0.25 arcmin. Accompanied by a smaller galaxy with which it is probably interacting.

Apparent size 1.0 by 0.4 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1273) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.45 by 0.3 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.65 by 0.35 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1293) of the Virgo Cluster, but not actually a Cluster member, as far beyond it.

Apparent size 0.85 by 0.5 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1294) of the Virgo Cluster

Apparent size 0.6 by 0.25 arcmin.

Apparent size 1.3 by 0.3 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1304) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.65 by 0.55 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.9 by 0.45 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1308) of the Virgo Cluster.

Per Dreyer, IC 3438 (Schwassmann 65, 1860 RA 12 23 53, NPD 81 08.8) is "considerably faint, small, faint nucleus". The position precesses to RA 12 30 59.9, Dec +08 04 45, right on the galaxy, so the identification is certain. Herschel's position is also right on the galaxy, so the double listing was simply a failure by Schwassmann and Dreyer to notice the identity; per Corwin, it was first picked up by Adelaide Ames. (See NGC 4492 for anything else.)

Apparent size 0.5 by 0.4 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.45 by 0.4 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.7 by 0.5 arcmin. Bi-nuclear, and barring an accidental superposition of images, probably a pair of interacting or merging galaxies. Vr 19636 km/sec. z=.065497, meaning that the space its light passed through to reach us expanded by that fraction of its original size during the journey.

Apparent size 1.5 by 1.45 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1355) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.7 by 0.6 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1348) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.43 by 0.35 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1353) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.65 by 0.3 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1356) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.3 by 0.3 arcmin.

Apparent size 0.95 by 0.6 arcmin. Listed as a member (VCC 1358) of the Virgo Cluster.

Apparent size 0.2 by 0.1 arcmin.