QuickLinks:
3950, 3951, 3952, 3953, 3954, 3955, 3956, 3957, 3958, 3959, 3960, 3961, 3962, 3963, 3964, 3965, 3966,
3967, 3968, 3969, 3970, 3971, 3972, 3973, 3974, 3975, 3976, 3977, 3978, 3979, 3980, 3981, 3982, 3983,
3984, 3985, 3986, 3987, 3988, 3989, 3990, 3991, 3992, 3993, 3994, 3995, 3996, 3997, 3998, 3999
Page last updated (minor change for IC 3999) on Apr 11, 2021
WORKING: Check positions, historical IDs (Corwin+), add basic pix, captions, tags
IC 3950 (= PGC 3090103)
Discovered (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-120)
A magnitude 16.1 lenticular galaxy (type SB0/a?) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 06.0, Dec +18 44 10)
Apparent size 0.5 by 0.35 arcmin; Vr 19130 km/sec.
Above, a 0.8 arcmin wide SDSS image of IC 3950
Below, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on the galaxy, also showing IC 3951
IC 3951 (= PGC 3090104)
Discovered (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-121)
A magnitude 16.2 spiral galaxy (type S??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 10.1, Dec +18 45 53)
Apparent size 0.5 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3952 (= PGC 3799718)
Discovered (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-101)
A magnitude 15.0 elliptical galaxy (type E0??) in Canes Venatici (RA 12 58 52.1, Dec +38 52 11)
Apparent size 0.3 by 0.3 arcmin?
IC 3953 (= PGC 1681197)
Discovered (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-122)
A magnitude 15.5 elliptical galaxy (type E0??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 09.1, Dec +23 05 14)
Apparent size 0.2 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3954 (= PGC 3799842)
Discovered (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-123)
A magnitude 16.2 spiral galaxy (type S??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 12.7, Dec +19 16 21)
Apparent size 0.4 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3955 (= PGC 44544)
Discovered (Apr 22, 1895) by Hermann Kobold (11, Ng)
A magnitude 14.4 lenticular galaxy (type SB0??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 06.1, Dec +27 59 46)
Apparent size 0.4 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3956 (= PGC 2099843)
Discovered (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-102)
A magnitude 15.2 lenticular galaxy (type E/S0?) in Canes Venatici (RA 12 58 56.4, Dec +37 23 54)
Apparent size 0.3 by 0.3 arcmin?
IC 3957 (= PGC 44554)
Discovered (May 12, 1896) by Hermann Kobold (12, N(19))
A magnitude 14.6 elliptical galaxy (type E0??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 07.5, Dec +27 46 00)
Apparent size 0.4 by 0.4 arcmin?
IC 3958 (= PGC 3799830)
Discovered (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-124)
A magnitude 15.5 elliptical galaxy (type E0??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 11.4, Dec +24 01 20)
Apparent size 0.2 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3959 (= PGC 44553)
Discovered (May 12, 1896) by Hermann Kobold (13, N(14))
A magnitude 14.2 elliptical galaxy (type E0??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 08.3, Dec +27 47 01)
Apparent size 0.5 by 0.5 arcmin?
IC 3960 (= PGC 44551)
Discovered (May 12, 1896) by Hermann Kobold (14, N(18))
A magnitude 14.9 lenticular galaxy (type SB0??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 08.0, Dec +27 51 17)
Apparent size 0.4 by 0.4 arcmin?
PGC 44552 (= "IC 3960A")
Not an IC object but sometimes called IC 3960A due to its proximity to IC 3960
A magnitude 16.2 lenticular galaxy (type S0??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 09.8, Dec +27 52 01)
Apparent size 0.3 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3961 (= NGC 4861 = PGC 44536 = Arp 266)
Discovered (May 1, 1785) by William Herschel (and later listed as NGC 4861)
Discovered (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-103) (and later listed as IC 3961)
A magnitude 13.5 spiral galaxy (type SBm??) in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 01.8, Dec +34 51 43)
This entry will be primarily concerned with historical information; for anything else see NGC 4861. (Note: In the IC2, Dreyer misidentifies this as Wolf list V #105; but that is IC 3966.)
IC 3962
Recorded (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-125)
A star in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 15.1, Dec +23 40 04)
IC 3963 (= PGC 44567)
Discovered (May 12, 1896) by Hermann Kobold (15, N(20))
A magnitude 14.7 lenticular galaxy (type S0??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 13.6, Dec +27 46 26)
Apparent size 0.7 by 0.3 arcmin?
IC 3964
Recorded (May 13, 1896) by Hermann Kobold (16, N(21))
A star in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 13.6, Dec +27 51 04)
IC 3965 (= PGC 3799919)
Discovered (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-126)
A magnitude 16.0 elliptical galaxy (type E5??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 22.7, Dec +18 50 34)
Apparent size 0.2 by 0.1 arcmin?
IC 3966 (= PGC 44565)
Discovered (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-105)
A magnitude 14.8 spiral galaxy (type SABbc?) in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 13.1, Dec +35 51 15)
Apparent size 0.7 by 0.45 arcmin.
Above, a 1.0 arcmin wide SDSS image of IC 3966
Below, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on the galaxy
IC 3967 (= PGC 44561)
Discovered (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-106)
A magnitude 15.2 spiral galaxy (type S??) in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 12.8, Dec +36 07 47)
Apparent size 0.4 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3968 (= PGC 44598)
Discovered (Apr 22, 1895) by Hermann Kobold (17, No)
A magnitude 15.2 lenticular galaxy (type S0??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 25.6, Dec +27 58 21)
Apparent size 0.4 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3969 (= PGC 1600532 + PGC 3799985 + PGC 4538097)
Discovered (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-127)
A group of galaxies in Coma Berenices
PGC 1600532 = A magnitude 16.3(?) spiral galaxy (type SB(rs)b?) at RA 12 59 32.7, Dec +19 39 11
PGC 3799985 = A magnitude 17.5(?) lenticular galaxy (type S0/a?) at RA 12 59 32.6, Dec +19 38 51
PGC 4538097 = A magnitude 18.5(?) lenticular galaxy (type S0/a?) at RA 12 59 33.7, Dec +19 39 18
Apparent size of PGC 1600532 is about 0.35 by 0.35 arcmin; of PGC 3799985, about 0.25 by 0.15 arcmin; of PGC 4538097, about 0.1 by 0.05 arcmin. Listed as a triple galaxy, but the third is more part of the background formed by other members of Abell 1657 than a noticeable contributor to the IC object.
Above, a 1.0 arcmin wide SDSS image of IC 3969
Below, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on the group, also showing IC 3985
IC 3970
Recorded (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-107)
A star in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 11.5, Dec +40 24 08)
IC 3971 (= PGC 44617)
Discovered (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-128)
A magnitude 16.2 spiral galaxy (type S??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 31.7, Dec +22 50 43)
Apparent size 0.3 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3972
Recorded (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-108)
A star in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 17.1, Dec +37 16 45)
IC 3973 (= PGC 44612)
Discovered (May 20, 1895) by Hermann Kobold (18, Np)
A magnitude 14.4 lenticular galaxy (type SAB0/a(r)?) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 30.7, Dec +27 53 06)
Aparent size 0.9 by 0.45 arcmin.
Above, a 1.2 arcmin wide SDSS image of IC 3973
Below, a 12 arcmin wide region centered on the galaxy, also showing
NGC 4864, 4867, 4869, 4871, 4872, 4873, 4874, 4875 and 4876, and IC 3959, 3960, 3976 and 3998
IC 3974 (= NGC 4947 = PGC 45269)
Discovered (May 1, 1834) by John Herschel (and later listed as NGC 4947)
Discovered (Mar 28, 1898) by Lewis Swift (XI-146) (and later listed as IC 3974)
A magnitude 11.9 spiral galaxy (type SAB(r)b pec) in Centaurus (RA 13 05 20.2, Dec -35 20 13)
This entry will primarily contain historical information; for anything else see NGC 4947.
IC 3975 (= PGC 44555)
Discovered (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-110)
A magnitude 14.4 lenticular galaxy (type S0??) in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 15.6, Dec +38 52 59)
Apparent size 0.7 by 0.4 arcmin?
IC 3976 (= PGC 44603)
Discovered (May 13, 1896) by Hermann Kobold (19, N(22))
A magnitude 14.7 elliptical galaxy (type E6??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 29.5, Dec +27 51 00)
Apparent size 0.5 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3977
Recorded (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-111)
A star in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 19.6, Dec +36 47 55)
IC 3978 (= PGC 4350039)
Discovered (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-129)
A magnitude 16.5 elliptical galaxy (type E0??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 37.5, Dec +19 37 20)
Apparent size 0.1 by 0.1 arcmin?
IC 3979
Recorded (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-112)
A magnitude 14(?) star in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 21.0, Dec +36 19 24)
IC 3980 (= PGC 2144346)
Discovered (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-114)
A magnitude 15.5 spiral galaxy (type S??) in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 18.6, Dec +39 09 04)
Apparent size 0.3 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3981
Recorded (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-115)
A star in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 21.5, Dec +37 13 41)
IC 3982
Recorded (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-116)
A star in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 18.6, Dec +40 04 54)
In a group of 3 stars.
IC 3983
Recorded (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-118)
A pair of stars in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 20.3, Dec +39 14 53)
IC 3984
Recorded (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-130)
A star in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 42.1, Dec +19 37 36)
(plus two very faint galaxies just half an arcmin west)
IC 3985 (= PGC 3090105)
Discovered (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-131)
A magnitude 15.2 spiral galaxy (type Scd?) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 43.1, Dec +19 35 30)
Apparent size 0.25 by 0.2 arcmin.
Above, a 0.4 arcmin wide SDSS image of IC 3985
Below, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on the galaxy, also showing IC 3969
IC 3986 (= PGC 44905)
Discovered (Jan 31, 1898) by Lewis Swift (XI-147)
A magnitude 12.3 lenticular galaxy (type SB0??) in Centaurus (RA 13 01 32.2, Dec -32 17 29)
Apparent size 1.6 by 1.2 arcmin?
IC 3987 (= PGC 2135098)
Discovered (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-119)
A magnitude 14.6 elliptical galaxy (type E0??) in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 25.0, Dec +38 44 02)
Apparent size 0.4 by 0.4 arcmin?
IC 3988
Recorded (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-120)
A star in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 26.8, Dec +37 14 41)
IC 3989
Recorded (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-121)
A star in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 28.8, Dec +36 45 25)
IC 3990 (= PGC 44633)
Discovered (Jun 6, 1896) by Stephane Javelle (1231)
A magnitude 14.4 spiral galaxy (type Sa??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 39.3, Dec +28 53 42)
Apparent size 1.2 by 0.4 arcmin?
IC 3991 (= PGC 44632)
Discovered (Jun 6, 1896) by Stephane Javelle (1232)
A magnitude 14.5 lenticular galaxy (type E/S0??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 39.8, Dec +28 55 33)
Apparent size 0.7 by 0.3 arcmin?
IC 3992
Recorded (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-122)
A star in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 33.4, Dec +36 46 19)
IC 3993 (= PGC 3088024)
Discovered (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-123)
A magnitude 14.8 elliptical galaxy (type E0??) in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 30.4, Dec +40 36 08)
Apparent size 0.3 by 0.3 arcmin?
IC 3994 (= PGC 1674890)
Discovered (Jan 27, 1904) by Max Wolf (6-133)
A magnitude 16.7 spiral galaxy (type S??) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 50.7, Dec +22 42 58)
Apparent size 0.2 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3995
Recorded (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-124)
A star in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 33.1, Dec +39 02 26)
(faint galaxy 20 arcsec to northwest)
IC 3996
Recorded (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-125)
A pair of stars in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 31.5, Dec +40 28 02)
IC 3997 (= PGC 2085297)
Discovered (Mar 21, 1903) by Max Wolf (5-126)
A magnitude 15.5 elliptical galaxy (type E3??) in Canes Venatici (RA 12 59 37.0, Dec +36 41 42)
Apparent size 0.3 by 0.2 arcmin?
IC 3998 (= PGC 44664)
Discovered (Apr 22, 1895) by Hermann Kobold (20, Nn)
A magnitude 14.6 lenticular galaxy (type SB0/a?) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 59 46.9, Dec +27 58 22)
Apparent size 0.6 by 0.35 arcmin.
Above, a 1.2 arcmin wide SDSS image of IC 3998; for a wider view, see NGC 4874
IC 3999 (= NGC 4862 = PGC 44610)
Discovered (Feb 26, 1886) by Francis Leavenworth (and later listed as NGC 4862)
Discovered (Apr 16, 1895) by Guillaume Bigourdan (and later listed as IC 3999)
A magnitude 14.2 spiral galaxy (type SBc??) in Virgo (RA 12 59 30.8, Dec -14 07 55)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 3999 (Bigourdan #305, 1860 RA 12 53 02, NPD 103 29) is "extremely faint, suspeted." The position precesses to RA 13 00 23.6, Dec -14 14 21, but determining what (if anything) Bigourdan 'saw' is far more of a guess than anything else, varying from nothing at all, to a star, to one unlikely galaxy, to another equally unlikely galaxy. Despite that, as will be discussed here in detail, there is a remote possibility that choosing one of these options is the correct thing to do.
Physical Information: This entry will primarily contain historical information; for anything else see NGC 4862.
|