Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 400 (Ormond Stone (#209), 1860 RA 04 57 25, NPD 105 58±) is "extremely faint, extremely small". The position precesses to RA 05 03 43.9, Dec -15 46 00, but there is nothing there. This is hardly surprising, as Stone did not bother to measure the declination of his #209, only giving the position of his comparison star and an offset in right ascension, so the object he observed could be somewhat north or south of the IC position (hence Dreyer's guess-timated North Polar Distance). As it happens there are only two galaxies in the area, both only a couple of arcmin to the south. Looking at modern photographs, the more likely candidate would appear to be 6dFJ0503456-154909, a 16th-magnitude "spindle"; but if we take into account the realities of late 19th-century visual observations, the 17th-magnitude galaxy listed above is actually more likely to be IC 400, because the superimposed 15th-magnitude star, combined with its small apparent size, makes it a perfect fit to Stone's description as "16.0 magnitude, 0.1 arcmin", while the technically brighter but larger galaxy was probably too faint for him to see, since its light is spread out over a much larger area, and if seen, should have led to a larger estimate of the size. Given these circumstances it is hardly surprising that some references list PGC 905996 as IC 400, and others list the other galaxy (though usually with a warning about the considerable uncertainty of the identification, in either case); so even though the spindle is less likely to be IC 400, it is discussed immediately below.
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.25 by 0.1 arcmin (counting the star that makes PGC 905996 the most likely candidate for IC 400); nothing else available.

(See IC 400 for images, and a discussion of this galaxy's relationship to that entry.)
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 3485 km/sec, 6dFJ0503456-154909 is about 160 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of 1.2 by 0.1 arcmin, it is about 55 thousand light years across.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 401 (Javelle #605, 1860 RA 04 57 42, NPD 100 16.6) is "very faint, very small, round, very small nucleus".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.6 by 0.5 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 402 (Ormond Stone (#212), 1860 RA 04 59 35, NPD 99 19.6) is "extremely faint, pretty large, irregularly round, diffuse".
Discovery Notes: Stone's Southern Nebulae states that "Nova" #212 was actually observed by Frank Muller, as shown above.
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.3 by 1.5 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 403 (Spitaler #6, 1860 RA 05 05 33, NPD 50 11.6) is "extremely faint, extremely small, round". The position precesses to RA 05 15 16.0, Dec +39 58 26, but there is nothing there save for scattered stars. Per Thomson, Spitaler added "about 5 arcsecs diameter", which suggests that his #6 is either one of those stars, or perhaps a very close pair. Since Dreyer's position falls right on the northern member of a pair of stars separated by only 8 arcsec, IC 403 is probably that star, or (depending upon whether Spitaler could separate the stars) the pair.
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 404 (Javelle #606, 1860 RA 05 05 39, NPD 80 24.8) is "very faint, very small, stellar, 13th magnitude star close".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.8 by 0.6 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 405 (Schaeberle, M. Wolf, 1860 RA 05 07 04, NPD 55 50.7) is "a magnitude 6 or 7 star with pretty bright, very large nebula".
Note About PGC Designation: As for almost all NGC/IC objects, HyperLEDA assigned a PGC designation for this object, even though it isn't a galaxy; but as usual in such cases, a search of the database for that designation returns no result, hence its being placed in quotes.
Physical Information: Apparent size 30 by 20 arcmin. An emission nebula energized by ultraviolet radiation from AE Aurigae, the 6th-magnitude star just right of center in the image below. A little less than 3 million years ago AE Aurigae and μ Columbae were massive members of the Orion Nebula star-forming region. A close encounter between the two apparently flung them out of the region as so-called "runaway" stars, and they are now over 60 degrees apart in the sky. As a result, the gases being lit up by AE Aurigae have nothing to do with its formation, but just happen to be in its path as it speeds through space.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 406 (Spitaler #7, 1860 RA 05 08 06, NPD 50 16.4) is "an extremely faint nebula or extremely small nebulous cluster". The position precesses to RA 05 17 48.9, Dec +39 53 08, but there is nothing there but scattered stars. However, the description suggests that perhaps those scattered stars are exactly what Spitaler observed, and the position does fall dead center on a group of three stars in a northwest-southeast line, so that is generally considered to be his #7, and therefore IC 406.
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 407 (Javelle #134, 1860 RA 05 11 23, NPD 105 40.3) is "faint, a little extended north-south".
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.2 by 0.5 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 408 (Swift list VIII (#38), 1860 RA 05 12 10, NPD 115 14.5) is "very faint, pretty small, extended, 8.5 magnitude star 5' south". The position precesses to RA 05 17 54.0, Dec -25 05 23 (whence the position above), but there is nothing there. Several references equate IC 408 with IC 2121, which has nearly the same declination as Swift's VIII-38, but lies nearly 2 minutes of time to the east. However, that object was also discovered by Swift, and since his description for it ("most extremely faint, small, round, very difficult, 7th magnitude star 14s west, 3.6 arcmin south") is very different from his description of IC 408, the suggested duplication is almost certainly wrong; hence the disclaimer in the title for this entry. Corwin suggests that IC 408 might be the pair of stars a few arcmin southeast of Swift's position, presumably because they fit the description reasonably well, and have stars of magnitude 7.5 and 8.5 about 5' to their south; but although that suggestion seems more reasonable than the one for IC 2121, it probably can't be assigned any great degree of certainty. So for now, the most reasonable conclusion is that IC 408 is a lost or nonexistent object.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 409 (Javelle #607, 1860 RA 05 12 13, NPD 86 49.9) is "pretty bright, round, binuclear?".
Physical Information: Either two superimposed galaxies, or a pair of elliptical galaxies in the process of merging; but there is no sign of the kind of distortion typical of such events, so pending a multispectral analysis of the region, a mere superposition (that is, an optical double) seems more likely. Apparent size of the pair 1.3 by 0.95 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 410 (Max Wolf [A.N.](#3130), 1860 RA 05 13 20, NPD 56 38) is "diffuse, many stars involved" (#3130 refers to a note published by Wolf in the Astronomische Nachricten of that number). The position precesses to RA 05 22 31.7, Dec +33 30 32, just east of the brightest part of the very extended nebula (whose position is listed above), so the identification is certain. The only problem is that some references treat IC 410 as being the same as NGC 1893, the open cluster discovered by John Herschel that lies a little southeast of Dreyer's position. But as noted by Corwin, Herschel probably did not see the nebula at all (and in any event made no mention of it), while Wolf's comments were specifically about the discovery of "some new extended nebulae", and Dreyer's description implies that IC 410 was meant to refer only to the diffuse nebula, and not the easily observed cluster embedded within the nebula. So the cluster is the NGC object, the nebula is the IC object, and neither is equal to the other. Since even the brightest part of the nebula was a difficult object for early observers, IC 410 should technically refer to only the brightest portion, near Dreyer's position; but current usage is to treat the entire region of nebulosity surrounding the cluster as IC 410, and as a result the position is often listed as essentially that of the cluster, even when the cluster and nebula are correctly treated as separate objects. Under those circumstances the position of the nebula is given as RA 05 22 45, Dec +33 24.8, and that is used as the center of the wide-field image below.
Physical Information: Apparent size 55 by 45 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 411 (Swift list VIII (#39), 1860 RA 05 14 33, NPD 115 28.4) is "very faint, pretty small, round, 2 others in field"
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.2 by 0.9 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 412 (Barnard, Javelle #608, 1860 RA 05 14 36, NPD 86 39.3) is "very faint, very small, stellar, part of a pair separated by 36 arcsec, at position angle 115°", the other being IC 413. The position precesses to RA 05 21 57.2, Dec +03 29 10, on the east edge of the galaxy, and the description perfectly matches the pair, so the identification is certain. (See IC 2123 for a discussion of the duplicate entry.)
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.4 by 0.7 arcmin. IC 412 and 413 are a pair of strongly interacting galaxies.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 413 (Barnard, Javelle #609, 1860 RA 05 14 39, NPD 86 39.5) is "extremely faint, very small, stellar, part of a pair separated by 36 arcsec, at position angle 115°", the other being IC 412. The position precesses to RA 05 22 00.2, Dec +03 28 58, on the east edge of the galaxy, and the description perfectly matches the pair, so the identification is certain. (See IC 2124 for a discussion of the duplicate entry.)
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.0 by 1.0 arcmin. IC 412 (which see for images) and 413 are a pair of strongly interacting galaxies.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 414 (Burnham, 1860 RA 05 14 40, NPD 86 49.6) is "extremely faint, 9th magnitude star 2' to southeast".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.65 by 0.4 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 415 (Javelle #135, 1860 RA 05 15 02, NPD 105 41.0) is "very faint, very small, round, diffuse".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.6 by 0.35 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 416 (Javelle #610, 1860 RA 05 17 44, NPD 107 23.1) is "faint, small, gradually brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.45 by 0.7 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 417 (Max Wolf [A.N.](#3130), 1860 RA 05 18 50, NPD 55 40) is "very large, diffuse, 6th magnitude star involved" (#3130 refers to a note published by Wolf in the Astronomische Nachricten of that number). Although the open cluster is the most obvious part of IC 417, Wolf's paper is about the extended nebulae he found, so the IC object is the emission nebula and cluster, not the other way round. Still, since the position of the cluster is easier to determine than that of the nebula, it is shown above and used as the center of the image below.
Physical Information: Apparent size 14 by 10 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 418 (Pickering [A.N.](#3049) (#69), 1860 RA 05 20 59, NPD 102 48.7) is "a planetary nebula = 9.2 magnitude st (gaseous spectrum)".
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits Pickering as the author of the Astronomische Nachrichten paper announcing the discovery, Fleming was the actual observer.
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.3 by 0.25 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 410 (Max Wolf [A.N.](#3130), 1860 RA 05 22 00, NPD 59 58) is "pretty bright, large, much extended" (#3130 refers to a note published by Wolf in the Astronomische Nachricten of that number). The position precesses to RA 05 30 57.5, Dec +30 08 49 (whence the position above), but there is nothing there. However, Corwin points out that the line of stars a couple of arcmin southwest of Wolf's position fits his description (their separation is probably too small to be seen as separate objects on Wolf's plate), and that seems a reasonable possibility. It would require a look at the original plate to decide whether the line of stars has the appropriate appearance, but if it is not the line of stars, IC 419 is a lost or nonexistent object.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 420 (Pickering (#63), 1860 RA 05 25 20, NPD 94 36) is "very faint, 9th magnitude star to west-southwest (not verified)". The position precesses to RA 05 32 15.5, Dec -04 29 39, on the northern edge of the reflection nebula listed above, so the identification is reasonably certain. The main problem is the position of the 8th magnitude star nearest Fleming's position, which is due south of her position and due east of the brightest part of the nebula; but since such nebulae are hard to observe and their positions hard to measure, the fact that there is a star of the appropriate brightness near the position is more important than its exact location. In any event, the 'modern' position listed in the description for this entry (and used as the center of the image below) is based not on Fleming's position, but on the brightest part of the nebula. (Note: IC 420 is one of many emission, reflection and absorption nebulae scattered across the region near the Orion Nebula, and is on the northwestern edge of that star-forming region as seen from our point of view.)
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits Pickering as the author of the Astronomische Nachrichten paper announcing the discovery, Fleming was the actual observer. (Note to self: See whether this is also A.N. 3049, as for IC 418)
Physical Information: Apparent size about 6 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 421 (Pickering (#66), 1860 RA 05 25 30, NPD 98 11) is "very faint, large".
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits Pickering as the author of the Astronomische Nachrichten paper announcing the discovery, Fleming was the actual observer. (Note to self: See whether this is also A.N. 3049, as for IC 418)
Physical Information: Apparent size 3.3 by 3.2 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 422 (Javelle #611, 1860 RA 05 26 06, NPD 107 19.7) is "pretty bright, very small, round, suddenly brighter middle". The position precesses to RA 05 32 18.6, Dec -17 13 26, right on the galaxy, so the identification is certain. (See IC 2131 for a discussion of the duplicate entry.)
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.95 by 0.95 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 423 (Pickering (#58), 1860 RA 05 26 15, NPD 90 43) is "very faint, large oval ring".
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits Pickering as the author of the Astronomische Nachrichten paper announcing the discovery, Fleming was the actual observer. (Note to self: See whether this is also A.N. 3049, as for IC 418)
Physical Information: Apparent size 5.5 by 3.5 arcmin. (Description uncertain...)

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 424 (Pickering (#56), 1860 RA 05 26 30, NPD 90 25) is "very faint, large, brightest on eastern side".
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits Pickering as the author of the Astronomische Nachrichten paper announcing the discovery, Fleming was the actual observer. (Note to self: See whether this is also A.N. 3049, as for IC 418)
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.5 by 1.5 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 425 (Max Wolf [A.N.](#3130), 1860 RA 05 28, NPD 57 40) is "faint, very very large" (#3130 refers to a note published by Wolf in the Astronomische Nachricten of that number). The position precesses to RA 05 37 08.1, Dec +32 25 35 (whence the position above), but there is nothing resembling the description anywhere near there. Per Corwin, this is a probably a defect on Wolf's plate, and therefore a nonexistent object.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 426 (Pickering (#57), 1860 RA 05 29 40, NPD 90 20) is "very faint, 5 arcmin diameter".
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits Pickering as the author of the Astronomische Nachrichten paper announcing the discovery, Fleming was the actual observer. (Note to self: See whether this is also A.N. 3049, as for IC 418)
Physical Information: Apparent size 8 by 6 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 427 (Pickering (#67), 1860 RA 05 29 45, NPD 96 45) is "large, probably connected with Great Nebula", namely the Orion Nebula.
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits Pickering as the author of the Astronomische Nachrichten paper announcing the discovery, Fleming was the actual observer. (Note to self: See whether this is also A.N. 3049, as for IC 418)
Physical Information: Northeast of NGC 1999, and part of an extensive complex of absorption, emission and reflection nebulae.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 428 (Pickering (#64), 1860 RA 05 29 50, NPD 96 36) is "large, probably connected with Great Nebula", namely the Orion Nebula.
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits Pickering as the author of the Astronomische Nachrichten paper announcing the discovery, Fleming was the actual observer. (Note to self: See whether this is also A.N. 3049, as for IC 418)
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 429 (Javelle #612, 1860 RA 05 31 32, NPD 97 08.0) is "very faint, very small, round [perhaps involved with following one]", the following one being IC 430. The position precesses to RA 05 38 19.1, Dec -07 02 54, just south of a bright cometary nebula, so the identification seems certain. Per Corwin the 'tail' of the 'comet' does stretch toward the much larger reflection nebula to its southeast, so Dreyer's suspicion that the two are related was correct. Unfortunately an early version of Steinicke's database included a mistaken reference (since corrected) to IC 429 as equal to IC 430, and that error has been perpetuated in some places; but the description of the two objects makes it clear that IC 429 is only the smaller brighter nebula to the northeast, and IC 430 is the larger fainter one to the southeast.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.0 by 0.25 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 430 (Pickering (#65), 1860 RA 05 31 45, NPD 97 10.0) is a "nebulous band 10 arcmin long, northwest of 5th magnitude star". The position precesses to RA 05 38 32.0, Dec -07 04 56, well within the boundary of the nebula, and 5th-magnitude 49 Orionis makes the identification certain. As noted in the entry for IC 429 (which see for images), the two nebulae have an appearance suggesting a mutual involvement, as though IC 430 were a diffuse tail spreading away from the comet-like 'head' of IC 429.
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits Pickering as the author of the Astronomische Nachrichten paper announcing the discovery, Fleming was the actual observer. (Note to self: See whether this is also A.N. 3049, as for IC 418)
Physical Information: Apparent size 9 by 8 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 431 (Pickering (#61), 1860 RA 05 33 10, NPD 91 32) is "a nebulous star of magnitude 8.6".
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits Pickering as the author of the Astronomische Nachrichten paper announcing the discovery, Fleming was the actual observer. (Note to self: See whether this is also A.N. 3049, as for IC 418)
Physical Information: Apparent size 6 by 4 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 432 (Pickering (#60), 1860 RA 05 33 50, NPD 91 34) is "nebula, a little extended, magnitude 8.4 star involved".
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits Pickering as the author of the Astronomische Nachrichten paper announcing the discovery, Fleming was the actual observer. (Note to self: See whether this is also A.N. 3049, as for IC 418)
Physical Information: Apparent size 9 by 5 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 433 (Javelle #613, 1860 RA 05 34 00, NPD 101 43.9) is "faint, small, diffuse, gradually brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.8 by 0.7 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 434 (Pickering (#21), 1860 RA 05 34 00, NPD 92 29) is "a nebula, 60' long, south from ζ Orionis".
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits Pickering as the author of the Harvard Annals paper announcing the discovery, Williamina Fleming was the actual observer. Steinicke only lists the Henrys and Fleming, but has references to S 21, S 252 & S163a, coresponding to Barnard, Fleming and the Henrys, respectively. Corwin notes that some people have suggested that Herschel observed IC 434 in 1786, but states that what he actually observed was NGC 2024, hence the refutation of credit for Herschel above.
Physical Information: Near the Flame (NGC 2024) and Horsehead Nebulae, IC 434 is the ionized hydrogen region that lies behind and highlights the Horsehead. Apparent size 60 by 10 arcmin?

Historical Identification:
Physical Information: Apparent size 7 by 5 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 436 (Spitaler #8, 1860 RA 05 44 01, NPD 51 24.5) is "extremely faint". The position precesses to RA 05 53 40.5, Dec +38 37 47, but there is nothing there save for scattered stars. However, Spitaler's position does fall on the northeastern border of a compact group of three very faint stars (and a few other stars of negligible brightness) that he would have seen as a single faint object, so it seems certain that it is what he recorded.
Physical Information:

Historical Identification:
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.9 by 0.4 arcmin.

Historical Identification:
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.7 by 2.1 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 439 (Max Wolf [A.N.](#3130), 1860 RA 05 47 30, NPD 58 00) is "most extremely large, extremely extended 150°±" (#3130 refers to a note published by Wolf in the Astronomische Nachricten of that number). The position precesses to RA 05 56 37.2, Dec +32 01 37 (whence the position above), but there is nothing resembling the description anywhere near there. Per Corwin, this is a probably a defect on Wolf's plate, and therefore a nonexistent object.

Historical Identification:
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.6 by 0.85 arcmin.

Historical Identification:
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.2 by 1.2 arcmin.

Historical Identification:
Physical Information: Probably two galaxies in the later stages of merging into a single galaxy, though there is a possibility that it is a chance superposition of separate objects. Either way there is so much overlap between the "pair" that no meaningful size can be assigned to either as an individual object. The very slightly barred southern nucleus is a little smaller and fainter than the rounder northern nucleus. NED lists a recessional velocity of 4320 km/sec for the southern object and 4265 km/sec for the pair, though at a position well to the east of the actual object. LEDA lists recessional velocities of 4315 km/sec for the southern object and 4460 km/sec for the northern one, but with an uncertainty greater than the difference in the individual values. Using a rough average for the recessional velocities of 4375 km/sec implies a distance of about 200 million light years. Given that and its overall apparent size of 1.7 by 1.2 arcmin, the object is about 100 thousand light years across.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 443 (Max Wolf [A.N.](#3130), Barnard, 1860 RA 06 08, NPD 67 30) is "faint, narrow, curved" (#3130 refers to a note published by Wolf in the Astronomische Nachricten of that number). Wolf states that there are two very large, very bright nebulae in the region near μ and η Geminorum, with (very rough) positions of about 1890 RA 06 08, Dec +22 (for the southwestern), and 1890 RA 06 14, Dec +24 (for the northeastern). These objects were listed by Dreyer as IC 443 (on the west) and 444 (on the east), with 1860 positions that only roughly correspond to Wolf's original positions, and descriptions that have nothing to do with Wolf's original paper. This suggests (per Corwin) that Dreyer may have corresponded privately with Wolf, obtaining more detailed information and slightly different positions. Dreyer's position precesses to RA 06 16.5, Dec +22.5 (no greater accuracy is justified by the crude IC position), near the middle of a degree-wide supernova remnant located between μ and η Geminorum, so the identification seems certain. Modern studies show that the nebula actually consists of two overlapping nebulae at very different distances, but that is a matter for discussion in a later iteration of this page. For now, the important thing is that the overall nebula must be Wolf's southwestern "Nebelflecke".
Physical Information: Apparent size 50 by 40 arcmin. (The listed magnitude seems far too faint for such a bright nebula, and should not be considered definitive.)

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 444 (Max Wolf [A.N.](#3130), Barnard, 1860 RA 06 11 55, NPD 66 41) is a "nebula, 9.5 magnitude star involved" (#3130 refers to a note published by Wolf in the Astronomische Nachricten of that number). As discussed in the entry for IC 443 (which see), Wolf's descriptions and positions for IC 443 and 444 were very rough and incomplete, and Dreyer's notes suggest that the two must have had private correspondence which provided additional details. In the case of IC 443 the nebula involved is huge, very bright, and easily recognizable; but in the case of IC 444, the result is not so happy. Dreyer's position precesses to RA 06 20 43, Dec +23 57, but there is nothing there, and nothing resembling a very large, very bright nebula anywhere near there. There is an extensive nebula near μ Geminorum that Steinicke identifies as IC 444, but it is over a degree to the south of the IC position, and no reason is given for the identification. Similarly, one of two positions listed by Corwin for IC 444 (which is the position used for IC 444 by the NED) lies to the northwest of that nebulosity (though not within it), but no mention is made of the reason for choosing that position. As a result, I am treating IC 444 as a lost object, though hopefully the receipt of further information will allow me to change that; and since the nebulosity near μ Geminorum is the only reasonable candidate for what Wolf might have seen (and perhaps the reason it was chosen as such by Corwin and Steinicke), it is discussed immediately following this entry. (There are additional entries following that, discussing the painfully wrong identifications made by Wikisky and Wikipedia, to serve as a warning to those taken in by their mistakes.)

Historical Identification: See the discussion of IC 444 for why the μ Geminorum Nebula might be that object, and the current objection to such an identification. (The position used for this entry and the image below is Steinicke's.)
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: =Wikisky identifies this as IC 144, but it is probably too small and faint for Wolf's 2 1/4 inch objective to have recorded, and in any event would never have been identified by him as a large, bright nebula.
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Wikipedia identifies IC 144 as a small reflection nebula at the position given above, but there is absolutely nothing anywhere near that location save for randomly scattered stars; so whatever the source of their misinformation, it is just that, and nothing more.

Historical Identification:
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.2 by 0.9 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 446 (Barnard, 1860 RA 06 23 14, NPD 79 27.4) is a "nebulous 10th magnitude star". The position precesses to RA 06 30 58.7, Dec +10 27 05, just west of the object listed above, so the identification is certain. (See IC 2167 for a discussion of the duplicate entry.)
Physical Information: Apparent size 7 by 4 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 447 (Barnard, 1860 RA 06 23 27, NPD 79 53) is "very faint, most extremely large, diffuse". The position precesses to RA 06 31 10.3, Dec +10 01 26, on the northern edge of a very large, bright reflection nebula enveloping several early-type stars, so the identification is reasonably certain. (Per Corwin, this was identified by Barnard as possibly being identical to NGC 2245, but that lies well to the east, so that suggestion was wrong.) Most references list this as IC 447, but some list it as IC 2169, which see for a discussion of the duplicate entry.
Physical Information: Apparent size 23 by 19 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, IC 448 (Max Wolf [A.N.](#3027), 1860 RA 06 25, NPD 82 30±) is a "nebulosity northwest of a 5th magnitude star" (#3027 refers to a note published by Wolf in the Astronomische Nachricten of that number, at the end of which he discusses a nebula near 13 Monocerotis). Wolf's paper specifies a position of 1890 RA 06 25, Dec +07 30, "immediately northwest of 5th magnitude star 13 Monocerotis", but his position is well to the west of 13 Monocerotis, which Dreyer must have discovered when he precessed it to the equinox of 1860, so he changed Wolf's position to one nearer the star. Unfortunately the resulting IC position is not northwest but north of the star, so it still does not correspond to the area specified by Wolf's description. The position shown in the description for this entry was obtained by assuming that Wolf's declination was accurate, that the nebulous region to the west of Dreyer's position (and therefore northwest of 13 Monocerotis) is what Wolf observed, and altering the right ascension to match the center of that region. Whether that is what Wolf actually observed (and is therefore IC 448) is another matter, and in the labeled image below I have also shown the positions estimated by Corwin and Steinicke. The brighter region selected by Steinicke seems a likely alternative to me, but whether Wolf could have observed a faint nebula that close to the star seems less certain, and it requires an error in both his coordinates. Corwin's position is closer to that specified by Dreyer, but since there is nothing in Wolf's paper to suggest that Dreyer's position is accurate, being closer to that is not necessarily better. In other words, though there is no doubt that IC 448 is some part of the nebulosity to the northwest of 13 Monocerotis, which part it might be is unknown.

Historical Identification:
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.5 by 1.1 arcmin (from images below).