Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4050 (= GC 2679 = WH II 509, 1860 RA 11 55 48, NPD 105 36.0) is "faint, considerably large, irregularly round, a little brighter middle". The position precesses to RA 12 02 58.1, Dec -16 22 46, on the eastern rim of the galaxy listed above, the description fits and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 1760 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 4050 is about 80 to 85 million light years away, in good agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 80 to 140 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of about 3.8 by 2.5 arcmin (from the images below), it is about 90 thousand light years across.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4051 (= GC 2680 = JH 1061 = WH IV 56, 1860 RA 11 55 59, NPD 44 41.7) is "bright, very large, extended, very gradually then very suddenly much brighter middle equivalent to 11th magnitude star". The position precesses to RA 12 03 09.6, Dec +44 31 32, almost dead center on the galaxy listed above, the description fits and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Apparent size of about 5.35 by 3.9 arcmin (from the images below). Used by the de Vaucouleurs Galaxy Atlas as an example of type SAB(rs)c

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4052 (= GC 2681 = JH 3373, 1860 RA 11 56 00, NPD 152 24.2) is "a cluster, pretty rich, a little compressed". The position precesses to RA 12 03 09.6, Dec -63 10 59, and although there is nothing there, only a minute of time to the west there is an obvious group of stars that fits the description (particularly the 'core', a couple of arcmin south of the center of the cluster), and per Corwin the identification of NGC 4052 as that cluster (as listed above) is certain.
Physical Information: Apparent size of the cluster is roughly 12 arcmin (from the image below), while its 'core' (at Dec -63 13 54) is about 4.5 by 6 arcmin across.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4053 (= GC 5603, Marth #228, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 11 56 01, NPD 69 30.0) is "faint, very small, very little extended, almost stellar". The position precesses to RA 12 03 11.4, Dec +19 43 14, only half an arcmin south of the galaxy listed above, the description fits and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Vr 7175 km/sec, z 0.023940, Apparent size of about 0.95 by 0.4 arcmin (from the images below)

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4054 (= GC 2682 = WH III 794, 1860 RA 11 56 09, NPD 31 18.0) is "extremely faint, small". The position precesses to RA 12 03 19.6, Dec +57 55 14, about 1.9 arcmin northeast of the brighter pair of galaxies listed above, but the description fits and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is certain.
Designation Notes: PGC 38078 shows up in any LEDA or NED search, but although LEDA assigns PGC numbers to the two fainter galaxies, a search of the database returns no result, whence the quotes around their designations. NGC 4054 NED xx will find all three NED entries, and 2MASXJ12031339+5753529 and 2MASXJ12031377+5753259 work for a LEDA search for "PGC 3476288" and "PGC 3547623".
Physical Information: "PGC 3476288" is too faint to have affected Herschel's observation, and should probably not be considered part of the historical NGC object (which is why I separated it from the pair with parentheses). However, all three galaxies have essentially the same recessional velocity and are probably a gravitationally bound triplet, so even if not considered part of the NGC entry itself, the fainter galaxy sould be included in this discussion.
 The recessional velocities of the galaxies are 10235 km/sec (for NED 01), 10210 km/sec (for NED 02) and 10305 km/sec (for NED 03), close enough to each other to suggest that this is a gravitationally bound triplet, and therefore at the same distance, so the appropriate recessional velocity to use to estimate their distance is the average of the three values (10250 km/sec). Based on that recessional velocity (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), a straightforward calculation indicates that NGC 4054 is about 475 to 480 million light years away. However, for objects at such distances we should take into account the expansion of the Universe during the time it took their light to reach us. Doing that shows that the galaxies were about 455 to 460 million light years away at the time the light by which we see it was emitted, about 465 million years ago (the difference between the two numbers being due to the expansion of the intervening space during the light-travel time).
 Given their distance and its apparent size of about 0.6 by 0.35 arcmin (all sizes are from the images below), PGC 38078 is about 80 thousand light years across; for "PGC 3547623", the apparent size of about 0.35 by 0.2 arcmin corresponds to a size of about 45 thousand light years, and for "PGC 3476288" the apparent size of about 0.25 by 0.1 arcmin corresponds to about 30 to 35 thousand light years.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4055 (= GC 2683 = JH 1062, 1860 RA 11 56 32, NPD 68 10±) is "pretty bright (Polar Distance very doubtful)". The position precesses to RA 12 03 42.2, Dec +21 03 14, but there is nothing there. Normally, this would lead to the result (not shown above), "lost or nonexistent". However, this is one of three objects that John Herschel observed on Apr 29, 1832, each of which is described in the NGC as "pretty bright (Polar Distance very doubtful)", and in such a situation there is a possibility that some common error can be found that allows an identification. Such proved to be the case here.
 Per Corwin, JH observed eight objects during the sweep (#432) in question, three of which (NGC 4055, 4057 and 4059) are unidentifiable, while the five other objects have NPD's between 68 25 and 68 58, and since each of JH's sweeps was limited in declination, it is most likely that the NPD for the three unidentifiable objects should be somewhere between 68 20 and 69 00, give or take a few arcmin. In addition, one of the identifiable objects, NGC 4066, is one of four bright galaxies in what is called the NGC 4065 group, and is the only one of those four that JH lists in sweep 432; so the simplest explanation of the situation is that JH did observe the other three galaxies, and that applying a common correction to the positions for the unidentifiable ones should produce positions that agree with those three galaxies. On that basis, and suggestions by Steve Gottlieb and Bob Erdmann, Corwin suggested that a correction of -0.88 degrees (-52.8 arcmin) in declination and +20 seconds in time be applied to each of the "lost" objects, yielding an uncertain but possible identification with actual objects. As a result, NGC 4055 was identified as NGC 4061, NGC 4057 as NGC 4065, and NGC 4059 as NGC 4070.
 Using the suggested correction above changes the position of NGC 4055 to 1860 RA 11 56 52, NPD 69 02.8, which precesses to RA 12 04 02.1, Dec +20 10 25.8, about 3.5 arcmin south of NGC 4061; changes the position of NGC 4057 to 1860 RA 11 56 57, NPD 69 00.8, which precesses to RA 12 04 07.1, Dec +20 12 26, about 1.7 arcmin south of NGC 4065; and changes the position of NGC 4059 to 1860 RA 11 57 01, NPD 68 47.8, which precesses to RA 12 04 11.1, Dec +20 25 25.8, about 0.8 arcmin north of NGC 2070. In other words, by applying a common correction to their positions the three unidentifiable observations can be reasonably ascribed to the three 'missing' nebulae, which is considered a reasonably certain proof of the identifications, and appears to have been universally accepted.
Physical Information: Given the duplicate entry, see NGC 4061 for anything else.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4056 (= GC 5604, Marth #229, 1860 RA 11 56 36, NPD 68 57) is "extremely faint, very small". The position precesses to RA 12 03 46.2, Dec +20 16 14, but there is nothing there (save for the NGC 4065 group, to the northwest; but even if part of that group, the position would not be adequate to say which object in that group it might be). As in the case of NGC 4055, 4057 and 4059, this galaxy is part of a mess involving NGC 4042, 4056 and 4060, so although this is the current tentative identification of NGC 4056, I will revisit the entry in detail in the next iteration of this page.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 7385 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), a straightforward calculation indicates that PGC 38140 is about 340 to 345 million light years away, in reasonable agreement with a single redshift-independent distance estimate of about 365 million light years. However, for objects at such distances we should take into account the expansion of the Universe during the time it took their light to reach us. Doing that shows that the galaxy was just under 335 million light years away at the time the light by which we see it was emitted, just under 340 million years ago (the difference between the two numbers being due to the expansion of the intervening space during the light-travel time). Given that and its apparent size of about 0.3 by 0.3 arcmin (from the images below), the galaxy is about 30 thousand light years across.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4057 (= GC 2684 = JH 1063, 1860 RA 11 56 37, NPD 68 08±) is "pretty bright (Polar Distance very doubtful)". The position precesses to RA ????, but there is nothing there. Normally, this would lead to the result (not shown above), "lost or nonexistent". However, this is one of three objects that John Herschel observed on Apr 29, 1832, each of which is described in the NGC as "pretty bright (Polar Distance very doubtful)", and in such a situation there is a possibility that some common error can be found that allows an identification. Such proved to be the case here.
 Per Corwin, JH observed eight objects during the sweep (#432) in question, three of which (NGC 4055, 4057 and 4059) are unidentifiable, while the five other objects have NPD's between 68 25 and 68 58, and since each of JH's sweeps was limited in declination, it is most likely that the NPD for the three unidentifiable objects should be somewhere between 68 20 and 69 00, give or take a few arcmin. In addition, one of the identifiable objects, NGC 4066, is one of four bright galaxies in what is called the NGC 4065 group, and is the only one of those four that JH lists in sweep 432; so the simplest explanation of the situation is that JH did observe the other three galaxies, and that applying a common correction to the positions for the unidentifiable ones should produce positions that agree with those three galaxies. On that basis, and suggestions by Steve Gottlieb and Bob Erdmann, Corwin suggested that a correction of -0.88 degrees (-52.8 arcmin) in declination and +20 seconds in time be applied to each of the "lost" objects, yielding an uncertain but possible identification with actual objects. As a result, NGC 4055 was identified as NGC 4061, NGC 4057 as NGC 4065, and NGC 4059 as NGC 4070.
 Using the suggested correction above changes the position of NGC 4055 to 1860 RA 11 56 52, NPD 69 02.8, which precesses to RA 12 04 02.1, Dec +20 10 25.8, about 3.5 arcmin south of NGC 4061; changes the position of NGC 4057 to 1860 RA 11 56 57, NPD 69 00.8, which precesses to RA 12 04 07.1, Dec +20 12 26, about 1.7 arcmin south of NGC 4065; and changes the position of NGC 4059 to 1860 RA 11 57 01, NPD 68 47.8, which precesses to RA 12 04 11.1, Dec +20 25 25.8, about 0.8 arcmin north of NGC 2070. In other words, by applying a common correction to their positions the three unidentifiable observations can be reasonably ascribed to the three 'missing' nebulae, which is considered a reasonably certain proof of the identifications, and appears to have been universally accepted.
Physical Information: Given the duplicate entry, see NGC 4065 for anything else.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4059 (= GC 2685 = JH 1064, 1860 RA 11 56 41, NPD 67 55±) is "pretty bright (Polar Distance very doubtful)". The position precesses to RA ????, but there is nothing there. Normally, this would lead to the result (not shown above), "lost or nonexistent". However, this is one of three objects that John Herschel observed on Apr 29, 1832, each of which is described in the NGC as "pretty bright (Polar Distance very doubtful)", and in such a situation there is a possibility that some common error can be found that allows an identification. Such proved to be the case here.
 Per Corwin, JH observed eight objects during the sweep (#432) in question, three of which (NGC 4055, 4057 and 4059) are unidentifiable, while the five other objects have NPD's between 68 25 and 68 58, and since each of JH's sweeps was limited in declination, it is most likely that the NPD for the three unidentifiable objects should be somewhere between 68 20 and 69 00, give or take a few arcmin. In addition, one of the identifiable objects, NGC 4066, is one of four bright galaxies in what is called the NGC 4065 group, and is the only one of those four that JH lists in sweep 432; so the simplest explanation of the situation is that JH did observe the other three galaxies, and that applying a common correction to the positions for the unidentifiable ones should produce positions that agree with those three galaxies. On that basis, and suggestions by Steve Gottlieb and Bob Erdmann, Corwin suggested that a correction of -0.88 degrees (-52.8 arcmin) in declination and +20 seconds in time be applied to each of the "lost" objects, yielding an uncertain but possible identification with actual objects. As a result, NGC 4055 was identified as NGC 4061, NGC 4057 as NGC 4065, and NGC 4059 as NGC 4070.
 Using the suggested correction above changes the position of NGC 4055 to 1860 RA 11 56 52, NPD 69 02.8, which precesses to RA 12 04 02.1, Dec +20 10 25.8, about 3.5 arcmin south of NGC 4061; changes the position of NGC 4057 to 1860 RA 11 56 57, NPD 69 00.8, which precesses to RA 12 04 07.1, Dec +20 12 26, about 1.7 arcmin south of NGC 4065; and changes the position of NGC 4059 to 1860 RA 11 57 01, NPD 68 47.8, which precesses to RA 12 04 11.1, Dec +20 25 25.8, about 0.8 arcmin north of NGC 2070. In other words, by applying a common correction to their positions the three unidentifiable observations can be reasonably ascribed to the three 'missing' nebulae, which is considered a reasonably certain proof of the identifications, and appears to have been universally accepted.
Physical Information: Given the duplicate entry, see NGC 4070 for anything else.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4060 (= GC 5605, Marth #230, 1860 RA 11 56 48, NPD 68 55) is "extremely faint". The position precesses to RA 12 03 58.2, Dec +20 18 14, about 0.5 arcmin south southeast of PGC 38140, which is generally but very uncertainly identified as NGC 4056, and quite a bit further away from the galaxy (PGC 38151, as shown above) which is usually identified as NGC 4060; so there is something strange going on here. As in the case of NGC 4055, 4057 and 4059, this galaxy is part of a mess involving NGC 4042, 4056 and 4060, so although this is the current tentative identification of NGC 4056, I will revisit the entry in detail in the next iteration of this page.
Discovery Note: Steinicke's updated database lists WH as the original discoverer (Reference S177); I need to see if I have a copy of that reference, and if so, will check it out (if not, I know someone who can do it for me). However, Herschel did not publish the observation in his lists of 2500 nebulae and clusters, so Dreyer had no record of that.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 6785 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), PGC 38151 is about 315 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of about 0.45 by 0.3 arcmin (from the images below), it is about 40 thousand light years across.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4061 (= GC 2686 = JH 1065 = WH III 394, 1860 RA 11 56 52, NPD 68 59.9) is "very faint, small, round, western of double nebula, Position Angle 80°", the other nebula being NGC 4065. The position precesses to RA 12 04 02.1, Dec +20 13 20, only about 0.6 arcmin south southeast of the galaxy listed above, the description fits and the relative position of NGC 4065 is perfect, so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 7205 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), a straightforward calculation indicates that NGC 4061 is about 335 million light years away, in good agreement with widely varying redshift-independent distance estimates of about 50 to 365 million light years. However, for objects at such distances we should take into account the expansion of the Universe during the time it took their light to reach us. Doing that shows that the galaxy was about 325 million light years away at the time the light by which we see it was emitted, about 330 million years ago (the difference between the two numbers being due to the expansion of the intervening space during the light-travel time). Given that and its apparent size of about 1.0 by 0.75 arcmin (from the images below), the galaxy is about 95 thousand light years across.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4062 (= GC 2687 = JH 1066 = WH I 174, 1860 RA 11 56 53, NPD 57 19.5) is "pretty bright, very large, much extended 97°, very gradually brighter middle". The position precesses to RA 12 04 03.0, Dec +31 53 44, almost dead center on the galaxy listed above, the description fits and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 760 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 4062 is about 35 million light years away, in reasonable agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of about 30 to 80 million light years. Given that and ignoring the possibility that a large peculiar (non-Hubble-expansion) velocity might have skewed the result, its apparent size of about 4.25 by 1.5 arcmin (from the images below) corresponds to about 40 to 45 thousand light years across. Used by the de Vaucouleurs Galaxy Atlas as an example of type SA(s)c.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4063 (Stephan list XI (list XIa #15), (Todd #12b), 1860 RA 11 56 56, NPD 87 22.5) is "extremely faint, very small, bright pts involved". The position precesses to RA 12 04 06.3, Dec +01 50 44, almost dead center on the galaxy listed above, the description fits and there is nothing comparable nearby, so the identification seems certain.
Discovery Notes: Todd's observation was made during his unsuccessful search for a trans-Neptunian planet (reference S348? #12b?d?). It was not noticed by Dreyer, but is in Steinicke's database (and also noted by Corwin, but as 12d; need to see if correct, or a typo), whence its inclusion (in parentheses) above.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 4915 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 4063 is about 225 to 230 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of about 1.0 by 0.3 arcmin (from the images below), it is about 65 to 70 thousand light years across.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4064 (= GC 2688, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 11 56 57, NPD 70 46.7) is "bright, extended, gradually brighter middle". The position precesses to RA 12 04 07.1, Dec +18 26 32, less than 1 arcmin west of the galaxy listed above, the description fits and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 915 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 4063 is about 40 to 45 million light years away, in good agreement with widely diverging redshift-independent distance estimates of about 15 to 60 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of about 3.45 by 1.4 arcmin (from the images below), it is about 40 to 45 thousand light years across.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4065 (= GC 2689 = GC 2701 = JH 1067 = WH III 395, 1860 RA 11 56 57, NPD 68 59.8) is "pretty faint, round, eastern of double nebula", the other nebula being NGC 4061. The position precesses to RA 12 04 07.1, Dec +20 13 26, about 0.7 arcmin south southeast of the galaxy listed above, the description fits and the relative position of NGC 4061 makes the identification certain.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 6325 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 4065 is about 295 million light years away, in good agreement with widely varying redshift-independent distance estimates of 55 to 370 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of about 1.05 by 1.0 arcmin (from the images below), it is about 90 thousand light years across.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4066 (= GC 2690 = JH 1068 (= WH III 392), 1860 RA 11 57 00, NPD 68 51.9) is "pretty bright". The position precesses to RA 12 04 10.1, Dec +20 21 20, only 0.5 arcmin north northeast of the galaxy listed above, the description fits and there is nothing comparable nearby, so the identification is certain.
Discovery Note: As noted in the entry for NGC 4069, that almost certainly unidentifiable object is incorrectly listed in the NGC as WH III 392, but is obviously actually an observation of NGC 4066; hence my agreement with Steinicke's listing of WH as the actual discoverer of NGC 4066, and my inclusion of that identification in parentheses in the NGC listing.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 7365 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), a straightforward calculation indicates that NGC 4066 is about 340 to 345 million light years away, in reasonable agreement with a single redshift-independent distance estimate of about 365 million light years. However, for objects at such distances we should take into account the expansion of the Universe during the time it took their light to reach us. Doing that shows that the galaxy was about 330 to 335 million light years away at the time the light by which we see it was emitted, about 335 to 340 million years ago (the difference between the two numbers being due to the expansion of the intervening space during the light-travel time). Given that and its apparent size of about 1.2 by 1.1 arcmin (from the images below), the galaxy is about 115 to 120 thousand light years across.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4067 (= GC 2691 = JH 1069 = WH III 37, 1860 RA 11 57 01, NPD 78 21.9) is "faint, pretty small, round, gradually brighter middle". The position precesses to RA 12 04 11.2, Dec +10 51 20, almost dead center on the galaxy listed above, the description fits and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 2415 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 4067 is about 110 to 115 million light years away, in good agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of about 75 to 155 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of about 1.1 by 0.7 arcmin (from the images below), it is about 35 thousand light years across.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4068 (= GC 2692 = WH II 781, 1860 RA 11 57 02, NPD 36 40.0) is "pretty faint, small, stellar". The position precesses to RA 12 04 11.6, Dec +52 33 14, about 2.6 arcmin southeast of the galaxy listed above, the description fits and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 210 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 4068 is about 10 million light years away, in reasonable agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 12 to 20 million light yeas, especially considering the fact that for such small recessional velocities, peculair (non-Hubble-expansion) velocities can be as large or larger than the Hubble velocity. The HST press release for the image below states that the distance is 14 million light years, and since that's within the range of the other numbers, is the one used for the following calculation; namely, given that and an apparent size of about 2.8 by 1.5 arcmin (from the images below), the dwarf irregular galaxy is about 10 to 12 thousand light years across. The HST image shows how starbursts spread across a dwarf galaxy over a period of 100 to 200 million years, about 100 times longer than previously thought.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4069 (= GC 2693 = JH 1070 (not =) WH III 392, 1860 RA 11 57 02, NPD 68 53.6) is "very faint, very small". The position precesses to RA 12 04 11.8, Dec +20 19 35, but there is nothing there. Corwin has a long discussion of the efforts made to identify the object, starting with the fact that William Herschel observed six nebulae in the area, but only measured positions for the northern three, and simply said that the other three were 10 to 12 arcmin to the south. d'Arrest also observed six nebulae in the region, and Corwin feels that these must be the same six that were seen by the elder Herschel; but none of them correspond to the position of JH 1070, and JH and Dreyer's assignment of WH III 392 to JH 1070 is certainly wrong (hence my adding "not" to Dreyer's listing for that observation). At the conclusion of his discussion, Corwin gives up and states that the identification of PGC 38166 as NGC 4069 in the Revised New General Catalog of the early 1970's (which is riddled with errors) simply because it is the closest galaxy to the incorrect position that doesn't have an NGC number is probably the best that can be done, whence the title for this entry; but as noted above the correct identification of NGC 4069 should be "lost or nonexistent". Still, since it is (albeit incorrectly) commonly listed as NGC 4069, PGC 38166 does deserve to have an entry here, so it is covered in the physical information and images below, even though it is not NGC 4069.
Discovery Note: Although Corwin is reluctant to accept PGC 38166 as NGC 4069, he notes that JH's position is not far from PGC 38166, and the star to its southeast might have made it bright enough for it to actually be what he observed; and since nothing else in the region agrees with any of JH's notes, he supposes that it is as good a guess as any as to the identity of NGC 4069. However, JH wrote that he recorded 12 objects in the GC in this region, of which at most six corresponded to any actual nebula (and those six are undoubtedly the ones observed by his father and d'Arrest), so by JH's own words it seems most likely that whatever he recorded did not correspond to PGC 38166.
The Erroneous Identification Of WH III 392: WH wrote that WH III 392 was 2 seconds of time to the west and 4 arcmin of declination to the south of WH III 391, which is NGC 4070; that relative position corresponds to NGC 4066, so there is no doubt that the NGC listing of NGC 4069 as = WH III 392 is wrong, as noted by Corwin, and leads to my correction of the entry for NGC 4066 to indicate that it is WH III 392.
Physical Information: Vr 7675 km/sec, z 0.025594, 112 Mpc redshift-independent single.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4070 (= GC 2694 = JH 1071 = WH III 391, 1860 RA 11 57 02, NPD 68 49.2) is "faint, very small".
Discovery Notes: Steinicke also has NGC 4070 = GC 2690 = JH 1068 = WH III 391, w/ JH's observation on Feb 24, 1827
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4071 (= GC 2695 = JH 3374, 1860 RA 11 57 05, NPD 156 31.5) is "very faint, very small, round, brighter middle like a star, among stars".
PGC Designation Note: For purposes of completeness, LEDA assigns a PGC designation to this object even though it isn't a galaxy; but a search of the database returns no result, so the designation is shown in quotes.
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4072 (= GC 5606, Copeland (using Lord Rosse's 72-inch telescope), 1860 RA 11 57 06, NPD 69 01.5) is "extremely faint, southeast of h 1065 - 67", (JH) 1065 - 67 being the "double nebula" NGC 4061 and 4065.
Discovery Note: Per reference S177, Steinicke lists William Herschel as the actual discoverer; as with NGC 4060, need to check out the original papers.
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4073 (= GC 2696 = JH 1072 = WH II 277, (Todd #12a), 1860 RA 11 57 17, NPD 87 19.4) is "faint, pretty small, round, pretty gradually brighter middle, northwestern of 2", the other being NGC 4077.
Discovery Notes: Todd's observation was made during his unsuccessful search for a trans-Neptunian planet (reference S348? #12a). It was not noticed by Dreyer, but is in Steinicke's database (and also noted by Corwin), whence its inclusion (in parentheses) above.
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4074 (= GC 2697 = JH 1073 = WH III 393, 1860 RA 11 57 21, NPD 68 54.0) is "extremely faint, very small".
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4075 (= GC 2698 = JH 1074, (Todd #11), 1860 RA 11 57 21, 1860 RA 87 09.1) is "faint, small, round".
Discovery Notes: Todd's observation was made during his unsuccessful search for a trans-Neptunian planet (reference S348? #11). It was not noticed by Dreyer, but is in Steinicke's database (and also noted by Corwin), whence its inclusion (in parentheses) above.
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: NGC 4076 (= GC 2699 = GC 2702 = JH 1075 = WH III 396, 1860 RA 11 57 24, NPD 69 01.1) is "very faint, very small".
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4077 (= GC 2700 = JH 1076 = WH III 258, (Todd #14a = #16a), 1860 RA 11 57 30, NPD 87 26.1) is "considerably faint, considerably small, very little extended, brighter middle, southeastern of 2", the other being NGC 4073
Discovery Notes: Todd's observation was made during his unsuccessful search for a trans-Neptunian planet (reference S348? #14a = #16a). It was not noticed by Dreyer, but is in Steinicke's database (and also noted by Corwin), whence its inclusion (in parentheses) above.
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4078 (= GC 5607, Marth #231, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 11 57 37, NPD 78 37.0) is "faint, very small, round, gradually a little brighter middle".
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4079 (= GC 2703 = JH 1077, 1860 RA 11 57 38, NPD 91 36.1) is "faint, large, round, 10th magnitude star 1 arcmin to north".
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4080 (= GC 2704 = JH 1078 = WH III 355, 1860 RA 11 57 42, NPD 62 13.5) is "considerably faint, pretty small, extended, gradually brighter middle".
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4081 (Swift list I (#20), 1860 RA 11 57 44, NPD 24 46.0) is "faint, small, much extended, double star near".
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4082 (= GC 5608, Marth #232, 1860 RA 11 57 59, NPD 78 34) is "very faint, very small, a little extended, a little brighter middle".
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4083 (= GC 5609, Marth #233, 1860 RA 11 58 01, NPD 78 37) is "extremely faint, very small".
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4084 (= GC 5610, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 11 58 06, NPD 68 00.2) is "faint, small".
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4085 (= GC 2707 = GC 2705 = WH I 224, d'Arrest, Schultz, 1860 RA 11 58 15, NPD 38 52.2) is "bright, pretty large, pretty much extended 78°, very suddenly brighter middle".
Physical Information: Used by the de Vaucouleurs Galaxy Atlas as an example of type SA(s)c.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4086 (= GC 5611, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 11 58 22, NPD 68 59.5) is "faint, pretty small, round".
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4087 (= GC 2706 = JH 3375 = WH III 754, 1860 RA 11 58 24, NPD 115 44.7) is "pretty bright, small, round, brighter middle".
Discovery Note: Per S330, Steinicke attributes this to Swift, as well; but that should have been per an IC note, since it's after the publication of the NGC.
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Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4088 (= GC 2708 = WH I 206, d'Arrest, Schultz, 1860 RA 11 58 25, NPD 38 40.8) is "bright, considerably large, extended 55°, a little brighter middle". The position precesses to RA 12 05 33.3, Dec +50 32 26, barely to the west of the center of the galaxy listed above and well within its outline, the description fits and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity relative to the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation of 950 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 4088 is about 45 million light years away, in good agreement with widely varying redshift-independent distance estimates of about 20 to 70 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of about 5.25 by 1.75 arcmin (from the images below), the galaxy is about 65 to 70 thousand light years across.
Usage By The Arp Atlas: NGC 4088 is used by the Arp Atlas as an example of a spiral galaxy with detached segments, with the note "End of one spiral arm partially disconnected."
Classification Note: NGC 4088 is used by the de Vaucouleurs Galaxy Atlas as an example of type SAB(s)c pec. Other classifications includes SAB(rs)bc, but the disagreement is minor and the galaxy somewhat peculiar, so I have used the de Vaucouleurs classification in the description line.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4089 (= GC 5612, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 11 58 27, NPD 68 40.1) is "very faint, small, round, western of 2", the other being NGC 4091.
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Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4090 (= GC 5613, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 11 58 29, NPD 68 56.0) is "very faint, very small, 15th magnitude star 1 arcmin to east".
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Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4091 (= GC 5614, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 11 58 31, NPD 68 40.3) is "very faint, small, round, eastern of 2", the other being NGC 4089.
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Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4092 (= GC 5615, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 11 58 40, NPD 68 44.7) is "faint, pretty small, round, 11th magnitude star to northwest".
Discovery Note: Steinicke equates this to WH III 382 = GC 2710 = GC 5615 = JH 1079. Per S173 and S130.
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Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4093 (= GC 5616, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 11 58 43, NPD 68 42.1) is "extremely faint, very small".
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Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4094 (= GC 2709 = JH 3376, 1860 RA 11 58 44, NPD 103 45.5) is "extremely faint, large, pretty much extended, very gradually brighter middle, 2 stars of 11th magnitude near".
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Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4095 (= GC 2710 = JH 1079 = WH III 382, 1860 RA 11 58 45, NPD 68 39.0) is "very faint, very small".
Discovery Note: Steinicke equates this to WH III 383 and JH 1082, with no GC entry, and attributes JH 1079 to NGC 4092. (NGC states the observation as being for NGC 4098).
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Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4096 (= GC 2711 = JH 1081 = WH I 207, 1860 RA 11 58 52, NPD 41 44.6) is "pretty bright, very large, much extended 32°".
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Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4097 (= GC 2712 = JH 1080 = WH III 400, 1860 RA 11 58 53, NPD 52 21.1) is "extremely faint, very small, round, stellar, 10th magnitude star 2 arcmin to southwest".
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4098 (= GC 2713 = JH 1082 = WH III 383, 1860 RA 11 58 55, NPD 68 36.8) is "extremely faint, extremely small, round, brighter middle". The fainter galaxy almost certainly has nothing to do with the discovery, but it is obviously interacting with the brighter one, so it at least deserves mention as a physical companion.
Discovery Note: Steinicke states that JH 1082 is not NGC 4098, but NGC 4095, and lists 2 components for NGC 4098
Designation Note: Although LEDA assigns a PGC number to the fainter galaxy, a search of the database for that designation returns no result, hence its being in parentheses. However, the object is listed in both LEDA and NED as NRGb177.088
Physical Information:

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 4099 (= GC 2714 = WH III 384, 1860 RA 11 58 57, NPD 68 35.0) is "extremely faint, extremely small".
Discovery Note: Steinicke states that JH 1082 is not NGC 4098, but NGC 4095
Physical Information: Given the duplicate entry, see NGC 4098 for anything else.