Celestial Atlas
(NGC 7350 - 7399) ←NGC Objects: NGC 7400 - 7449→ (NGC 7450 - 7499)
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QuickLinks:
7400, 7401, 7402, 7403, 7404, 7405, 7406, 7407, 7408, 7409, 7410, 7411, 7412, 7413, 7414, 7415, 7416,
7417, 7418, 7419, 7420, 7421, 7422, 7423, 7424, 7425, 7426, 7427, 7428, 7429, 7430, 7431, 7432, 7433,
7434, 7435, 7436, 7437, 7438, 7439, 7440, 7441, 7442, 7443, 7444, 7445, 7446, 7447, 7448, 7449

Page last updated Oct 27, 2024 (working on complete update of page)
Completed 7400; working 7401/2

Checking Dreyer NGC entries (7402+) and identifications based on them and his subsequent papers
Checked all Corwin positions exceot 7405
Checked all Steinicke magnitudes and types
Checked Dreyer NGC Notes, IC1, IC2 and 1912 Herschel paper
Started upplementary IDs but putting off until done with all above, plus Gottlieb and Corwin notes

NGC 7400
(= PGC 69967 = ESO 290-022)

Discovered (Sep 6, 1834) by
John Herschel
A magnitude 12.9 spiral galaxy (type SAB?(r?)bc?) in Grus (RA 22 54 20.8, Dec -45 20 49)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7400 (= GC 4857 = JH 3957, 1860 RA 22 45 42, NPD 136 05.6) is "pretty faint, a little extended, gradually a little brighter middle, very small (faint) star involved." The position precesses to 22 53 50.2, Dec -45 21 00.2, about 5.4 arcmin (= 30 seconds of time) nearly due west of the galaxy listed above. But per Gottlieb, Herschel's position in the Cape Catalogue was very accurate; but the GC made a 30 second error in the right ascension and that was copied into the NGC. The description is reasonable (since the bright central region that Herschel could have seen isn't nearly as elongated as modern images of the galaxy suggest), there is nothing else nearby, and since the original position was accurate, the identification is certain. (A 30 second of time correction to the NGC position precesses to 22 54 19.8, Dec -45 20 58, just over 0.2 arcmin southwest of the center of the galaxy listed above and well within its outline.)
Description Note: Herschel wasn't certain about whether there was a very small star involved (he added a question mark to that comment), but if there was, it was probably the one barely northwest of the bright central region and just inside the galaxy's overall outline.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity relative to the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation of 2775 km/sec (and H0 = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 7400 is about 130 million light-years away, in good agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of about 115 to 145 million light-years. Given that and its apparent size of about 3.1 by 0.7 arcmin (from the images below), the galaxy is about 115 to 120 thousand light-years in diameter.
DESI Legacy image of region near spiral galaxy NGC 7400
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DESI Legacy image centered on NGC 7400
(Image Credit above and below Legacy Surveys / D. Lang (Perimeter Institute); CC 4.0 image by Courtney Seligman using AladinLite)
Below, a 4.0 arcmin wide DESI Legacy image of the galaxy
DESI Legacy image of spiral galaxy NGC 7400

PROBABLY AOK BUT NEED TO CHECK EDITING BEFORE FINALIZING PAGE
NGC 7401 (= PGC 69911 = PGC 19424)
mistakenly listed as RNGC 7402
but perhaps = CGCG 379-013 and probably = MCG +00-58-010)

Discovered (Oct 2, 1856) by
R. J. Mitchell
A magnitude 14.9 spiral galaxy (type Sa?) in Pisces (RA 22 52 58.6, Dec +01 08 34)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7401 (= GC 4856, 3rd Lord Rosse, 1860 RA 22 45 45, NPD 89 36.7) is "extremely faint, very small." The position precesses to RA 22 52 54.5, Dec +01 07 52.0, about 1.2 arcmin southwest of the galaxy listed above and just under 2 arcmin nearly due east of NGC 7397, also discovered by Mitchell on the same night (along with NGC 7398 and NGC 7401 while observing NGC 7396. Per Gottlieb, Mitchell wrote "about 5 arcmin north following (to the northeast of NGC 7396) is another nebula, pretty faint, small, round, brighter middle and following (to the east) of the latter are 2 very faint, small, round nebular knots." A sketch drawn by Mitchell on Oct 23, 1857 shows that the "pretty faint" one was NGC 7397 (labeled C), and among the "very faint" ones were NGC 7401 (labeled D). NGC 7402 is also shown on the sketch (labeled E), but was only discovered when that sketch was drawn, as discussed in its entry). The position and description are reasonably good, and despite the presence of several other galaxies in the region, Mitchell's sketch makes the identification certain.
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits the discovery to William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, he notes that many of Rosse's nebular discoveries were actually made by one of his assistants, in this case R. J. Mitchell.
Probable Modern Errors: Per Gottlieb, RNGC transposed NGC 7401 and 7402. He also states that for that reason MGC (and as a result SIMBAD), the original PGC and RC3 all misidentify NGC 7401 as NGC 7402. HyperLEDA and NED, being online databases, correctly list NGC 7401 as PGC 69911, but neither HyperLEDA nor NED include include the CGCG or MCG designations in their entries for 7401. Vizier shows that RNGC did reverse the identifications, as the RNGC positions (precessed to J2000) place 7401 to the east of 7402, and due north of 7402 and 7401, respectively (RNGC 7402's position lies about 1.2 arcmin nearly due north of NGC 7402, and RNGC 7402's position lies about 1.4 arcmin nearly due north of NGC 7401). Vizier's position for CGCG 379-013 lies just northwest of NGC 7402, but CGCG did not specify which galaxy corresponded to the entry, and in the absence of any knowledge of the accuracy of the CGCG position, the CGCG listing could apply to either 7401 or 7402, so there is no way to tell which one it actually referred to.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.0 by 0.6? arcmin.
SDSS image of region near spiral galaxy NGC 7401, also showing NGC 7397, 7398, and 7402
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 7401, also showing NGC 7397, 7398, and 7402
Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
SDSS image of spiral galaxy NGC 7401

PROBABLY AOK BUT NEED TO CHECK EDITING BEFORE FINALIZING PAGE
NGC 7402
(= PGC 69914 = PGC 194255)
(mistakenly listed as RNGC 7401, perhaps CGCG 379-013 but probably not MCG +00-58-010)

Discovered (Oct 23, 1857) by
R. J. Mitchell
A magnitude 14.5 lenticular galaxy (type S0?) in Pisces (RA 22 53 04.5, Dec +01 08 40)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7402 (3rd Lord Rosse, 1860 RA 22 45 50, NPD 89 36.7) is "extremely faint, very small". Per Gottlieb, unlike the other galaxies near NGC 7396, it was not discovered on Oct 2, 1856, but on Oct 23, 1857, when Mitchell sketched the region, including the previously undiscovered "E" (NGC 7402) with a reasonably accurate position relative to "D" (NGC 7401), but noted that "E is doubtful and needs confirmation." For that reason, John Herschel did not include it in the GC, but Dreyer added it to the NGC, having made some observations of the brighter galaxies in the region on his own and found that Mitchell's other discoveries appeared to be sound. The position precesses to RA 22 52 59.5, Dec +01 07 52, just under 0.75 arcmin south-southeast of NGC 7401 and 1.5 arcmin west-southwest of NGC 7402, which at first glance implies an incorrect identification. However, as noted in the entry for NGC 7401, the NGC position for that object was 1.2 arcmin southwest of NGC 7401, and as a result the NGC position for 7402 is about 1.4 arcmin east of the one for 7401, and since their actual positions differ by 1.5 arcmin, if any credence is given to the identification of NGC 7401, equal credence should be given to the identification of 7402, and since the description and comments made by Mitchell for his "E" perfectly fit its appearance, the identification must be considered certain.
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits the discovery to William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, he notes that many of Rosse's nebular discoveries were actually made by one of his assistants, in this case R. J. Mitchell.
Modern Errors: RNGC, the original PGC and RC3 all misidentify NGC 7401 as NGC 7402 (see Probable Modern Errors for NGC 7401). Both NED and HyperLEDA have corrected the PGC designation for NGC 7401, but list CGCG 379-013 and MCG +00-58-010 (identified by MCG as NGC 7402) as NGC 7402, but as noted in the entry for 7401, which galaxy the CGCG designation refers to is unclear, and the MCG position is about 1.4 arcmin north-northwest of NGC 7401, and 2.2 arcmin northwest of NGC 7402, so the identification of MCG +00-58-010 as NGC 7402 is probably wrong. In addition, some modern databases mistakenly assume that NGC 7402 was discovered on the same night as Mitchell's other discoveries, listing its date of discovery as Oct 6, 1856; but as noted above there is no doubt that he did not notice it until he drew a sketch of the region on Oct 23, 1857.
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.7 by 0.5? arcmin.

NGC 7403
Recorded (Nov 15, 1859) by
Sidney Coolidge
Looked for but not found (date?) by Rudolf Spitaler
Looked for but not found (date?) by Sherburne Burnham
A magnitude 14.1 star in Pisces (RA 22 53 06.5, Dec +01 28 57)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7403 (= GC 6092, S. Coolidge (#32, HN 22), 1860 RA 22 45 57, NPD 89 15.7) is "a slightly nebulous star". The first IC notes "Occurs only in one Harvard Zone (156). Spitaler and Burnham have not seen any nebulosity. The small nebula found by them 40 seconds east and 7 arcmin south cannot, of course, have been the object observed in the zone".
Discovery Notes: Coolidge holds the dubious distinction of never having discovered an actual nebula or cluster, all of his NGC objects being merely stars; so it is not surprising that Spitaler and Burnham could not find his "nebulous star".

NGC 7404 (=
IC 5260)
(= PGC 69964)

Discovered (Oct 4, 1836) by John Herschel (and later listed as NGC 7404)
Discovered (Jul 19, 1897) by Lewis Swift (and later listed as IC 5260)
A magnitude 12.8 lenticular galaxy (type E/SB0?) in Grus (RA 22 54 18.6, Dec -39 18 54)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7404 (= GC 4858 = JH 3958, 1860 RA 22 46 24, NPD 130 03.5) is "very faint, small, round".
Duplicate Entry: Since the duplicate entry does not affect the identification of NGC 7404, see IC 5260 for any discussion of that topic.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.5 by 0.8? arcmin.

NGC 7405
IDENTIFICATION IMPOSSIBLE OR QUESTIONABLE (Corwin 22 52 57.2, +12 35 37? or 22 50 51.7, +12 33 34??)
UNLIKELY SUGGESTIONS TO BE DISCUSSED AT A LATER DATE
Recorded (Sep 5, 1864) by
Albert Marth
A lost or nonexistent object in Pegasus (RA 22 53 36.0, Dec +12 28 36) (USE PRECESSED NGC POSITION)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7405 (= GC 6093, Marth #502, 1860 RA 22 46 38, NPD 78 16) is "extremely faint, small, round".

NGC 7406 (= PGC 69947)
Discovered (Aug 25, 1864) by
Albert Marth
A magnitude 13.6 spiral galaxy (type S??) in Aquarius (RA 22 53 56.2, Dec -06 34 44)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7406 (= GC 6094, Marth #503, 1860 RA 22 46 40, NPD 97 18) is "faint, small, a little extended".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.1 by 0.6? arcmin.

NGC 7407 (= PGC 69922)
Discovered (Sep 13, 1873) by
Édouard Stephan
A magnitude 13.1 spiral galaxy (type Sc?) in Pegasus (RA 22 53 21.1, Dec +32 07 46)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7407 (= GC 6095, Stephan list V (#9), 1860 RA 22 46 46, NPD 56 36.8) is "extremely faint, very small".
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.0 by 0.9? arcmin.

Corwin lists a galaxy (PGC 214874) at 22 53 35.7, +32 09 25 as an apparent companion of NGC 7407

NGC 7408
(= PGC 70037 = ESO 109-026)

Discovered (Nov 1, 1834) by
John Herschel
A magnitude 12.6 spiral galaxy (type SBc?) in Tucana (RA 22 55 56.8, Dec -63 41 41)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7408 (= GC 4859 = JH 3959, 1860 RA 22 46 50, NPD 154 26.5) is "pretty bright, pretty small, round, very gradually a little brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.6 by 1.2? arcmin.
LEDA SBc; NED 35.2 - 55 Mpc, SB(s)cd?, (R')SB(rs)c, 1.5 x 1.2 arcmin, 3K Vr 3372 km/sec

NGC 7409 (= PGC 69939)
Discovered (Sep 20, 1863) by
Albert Marth
A magnitude 14.4 lenticular galaxy (type SB0?) in Pegasus (RA 22 53 48.1, Dec +20 12 37)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7409 (= GC 6096, Marth #504, 1860 RA 22 46 58, NPD 70 32) is "extremely faint".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.6 by 0.4? arcmin.

NGC 7410 (= PGC 69994)
Discovered (Jul 14, 1826) by
James Dunlop
Discovered (Sep 4, 1834) by John Herschel
A magnitude 10.3 spiral galaxy (type SBa?) in Grus (RA 22 55 00.9, Dec -39 39 41)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7410 (= GC 4860 = JH 3960, Dunlop 518, 1860 RA 22 47 03, NPD 130 24.6) is "considerably bright, large, very much extended 43°, much brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 5.2 by 1.6? arcmin.
Observatorio Antilhue image of region near spiral galaxy NGC 7410, overlaid on a DSS background to fill in areas not covered by the higher quality image
Above, a 12 arcmin wide composite image centered on NGC 7410 (Image Credit & © above and below
Daniel Verschatse, Observatorio Antilhue, Chile; used by permission (above, overlaid on a DSS background))

Below, a 5 arcmin wide Observatorio Antilhue image of the galaxy
Observatorio Antilhue image of spiral galaxy NGC 7410

NGC 7411 (= PGC 69974)
Discovered (Sep 13, 1863) by
Albert Marth
A magnitude 13.4 elliptical galaxy (type E0?) in Pegasus (RA 22 54 34.9, Dec +20 14 10)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7411 (= GC 6097, Marth #505, 1860 RA 22 47 42, NPD 70 30) is "very faint, very small".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.9 by 0.9? arcmin.

Corwin lists a galaxy (PGC 214877) at 22 54 24.3, +20 15 09 as an apparent companion of NGC 7411

NGC 7412 (= PGC 70027)
Discovered (Sep 2, 1836) by
John Herschel
A magnitude 11.4 spiral galaxy (type SBb?) in Grus (RA 22 55 45.8, Dec -42 38 31)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7412 (= GC 4861 = JH 3961, 1860 RA 22 47 46, NPD 133 23.8) is "extremely faint, very large, 7th magnitude star to northeast".
Physical Information: Apparent size 3.8 by 2.8? arcmin.
DSS image of region near spiral galaxy NGC 7412
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 7412
Below, a 4 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy (red channel strengthened to show greater detail in the nucleus)
DSS image of spiral galaxy NGC 7412 (red channel strengthened to show greater detail in the nucleus)

PGC 70089 (= "NGC 7412A")
Not an NGC object but listed here since sometimes called NGC 7412A
A -magnitude 13.9 spiral galaxy (type SBd?) in
Grus (RA 22 57 08.9, Dec -42 48 18)
Physical Information: Apparent size 3.5 by 0.5? arcmin.

NGC 7413 (= PGC 69997)
Discovered (Sep 2, 1886) by
Lewis Swift
Also observed (date?) by Herbert Howe
A magnitude 14.1 lenticular galaxy (type E/S0?) in Pegasus (RA 22 55 03.2, Dec +13 13 14)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7413 (Swift list IV (#87), 1860 RA 22 47 51, NPD 77 31.6) is "most extremely faint, pretty small, round, very difficult, southern of 2", the other being NGC 7414. The second IC lists a corrected RA (per Howe) of 22 48 05.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.0 by 0.7? arcmin.

NGC 7414 (= PGC 70008)
Discovered (Sep 2, 1886) by
Lewis Swift
A magnitude 16.0 lenticular galaxy (type S0?) in Pegasus (RA 22 55 24.4, Dec +13 14 54)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7414 (Swift list IV (#88), 1860 RA 22 47 51, NPD 77 29.1) is "most extremely faint, small, round, very difficult, northern of 2", the other being NGC 7413.
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.4 by 0.2? arcmin.

NGC 7415 (= PGC 69984 + PGC 69985)
Discovered (Sep 13, 1863) by
Albert Marth
A pair of spiral galaxies in Pegasus
PGC 69984 = A magnitude 14.7 spiral galaxy (type Sab?) at RA 22 54 51.7, Dec +20 15 44
PGC 69985 = A magnitude 14.7 spiral galaxy (type S??) at RA 22 54 53.6, Dec +20 15 42)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7415 (= GC 6098, Marth #506, 1860 RA 22 47 59, NPD 70 28) is "extremely faint".
Physical Information: PGC 69984 is about 1.1 by 0.2 arcmin apparent size. PGC 69985 is about 0.5 by 0.3 arcmin apparent size. A 1500 km/sec difference in the two galaxies' recessional velocities (which would imply a difference in their distance of about 70 million light-years) and their lack of any obvious distortion suggest that they are not as close to each other as they appear, are not physically interacting, and are only an optical double.
SDSS image of region near spiral galaxies PGC 69984 and PGC 69985, which comprise NGC 7415, also showing elliptical galaxy NGC 7411
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 715, also showing NGC 7411
Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide SDSS image of the apparent pair
SDSS image of spiral galaxies PGC 69984 and PGC 69985, which comprise NGC 7415

NGC 7416 (=PGC 70025)
Discovered (Aug 25, 1864) by
Albert Marth
Discovered (Sep 21, 1867) by Aaron Skinner
A magnitude 12.4 spiral galaxy (type SBb?) in Aquarius (RA 22 55 41.7, Dec -05 29 43)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7416 (= GC 6099, Marth #507, (Skinner), 1860 RA 22 48 27, NPD 96 15) is "faint, pretty large, pretty much extended, very gradually brighter middle".
Discovery Notes: Skinner was an assistant to Truman Safford, and his observations, like those of Safford, were published long after the fact, at a time when Dreyer was in the last stages of preparing the NGC for publication. As a result his observation was not included in the NGC entry, as indicated by his name being shown in parentheses.
Physical Information: Apparent size 3.2 by 0.7? arcmin.

NGC 7417 (= PGC 70113)
Discovered (Jul 20, 1835) by
John Herschel
A magnitude 12.3 spiral galaxy (type SBab?) in Tucana (RA 22 57 49.5, Dec -65 02 19)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7417 (= GC 4862 = JH 3962, 1860 RA 22 48 42, NPD 155 46.4) is "pretty bright, considerably small, round, gradually pretty much brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.4 by 1.6? arcmin.

NGC 7418 (= PGC 70069)
Discovered (Aug 30, 1834) by
John Herschel
A magnitude 11.1 spiral galaxy (type SBc?) in Grus (RA 22 56 36.1, Dec -37 01 48)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7418 (= GC 4863 = JH 3963, 1860 RA 22 48 42, NPD 127 46.4) is "considerably bright, very large, very little extended, very gradually a little brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 3.5 by 2.6? arcmin. NGC 7418 is listed as a member of a group of galaxies in or near Sculptor with recessional velocities of about 1500 to 1800 km/sec (this is not "the" Sculptor Group, a close neighbor to our Local Group, with an average recessional velocity of less than 300 km/sec).

PGC 70075 (= "NGC 7418A")
Not an NGC object but listed here since sometimes called NGC 7418A
A magnitude 13.1 spiral galaxy (type Scd?) in
Grus (RA 22 56 41.3, Dec -36 46 22)
Physical Information: Apparent size 3.5 by 1.8? arcmin.

NGC 7419
(= OCL 250)

Discovered (Nov 3, 1787) by
William Herschel
Also observed (Sep 29, 1829) by John Herschel
Amagnitude 13.0 open cluster (type II3r) in Cepheus (RA 22 54 21.9, Dec +60 48 56)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7419 (= GC 4864 = JH 2190 = WH VII 43, 1860 RA 22 48 47, NPD 29 55.1) is "a cluster, pretty rich, considerably compressed".
Physical Information: Apparent size 6? arcmin.

NGC 7420 (= PGC 70017)
Discovered (Sep 6, 1863) by
Albert Marth
A magnitude 13.9 spiral galaxy (type Sc?) in Pegasus (RA 22 55 32.0, Dec +29 48 18)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7420 (= GC 6100, Marth #508, 1860 RA 22 48 54, NPD 60 56) is "very faint, small".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.8 by 0.6? arcmin.

NGC 7421 (= PGC 70083)
Discovered (Aug 30, 1834) by
John Herschel
A magnitude 11.9 spiral galaxy (type SBbc?) in Grus (RA 22 56 54.4, Dec -37 20 50)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7421 (= GC 4865 = JH 3964, 1860 RA 22 49 02, NPD 128 05.5) is "considerably bright, large, very little extended, gradually pretty much brighter middle, partially resolved (some stars seen)".
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.0 by 1.9? arcmin.

NGC 7422 (= PGC 70048)
Discovered (Aug 11, 1864) by
Albert Marth
Discovered (Dec 6, 1865) by Otto Struve
Discovered (Sep 29, 1866) by Heinrich d'Arrest
Also observed (Oct 13, 1903) by Stephane Javelle
A magnitude 13.4 spiral galaxy (type Sb?) in Pisces (RA 22 56 12.4, Dec +03 55 36)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7422 (= GC 6101, Marth #509, Struve, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 22 49 04, NPD 86 49.2) is "very faint, pretty small, very little extended". The second IC adds "I assume Javelle 1426 = NGC 7422, the comparison star being BD+03 4794, and not 4796. Places agree then".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.0 by 0.8? arcmin.

NGC 7423
(= OCL 246)

Discovered (Nov 1, 1788) by
William Herschel
Also observed (Sep 24, 1829) by John Herschel
A magnitude ? open cluster (type II3m) in Cepheus (RA 22 55 10.7, Dec +57 05 52)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7423 (= GC 4866 = JH 2191 = WH III 745, 1860 RA 22 49 19, NPD 33 38.2) is "very faint, pretty large, irregular figure, extremely mottled but not resolved".
Physical Information: Apparent size 5 arcmin?

NGC 7424 (= PGC 70096)
Discovered (Sep 5, 1834) by
John Herschel
A magnitude 10.5 spiral galaxy (type SBc?) in Grus (RA 22 57 18.4, Dec -41 04 14)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7424 (= GC 4867 = JH 3965, 1860 RA 22 49 21, NPD 131 49.1) is "faint, considerably large, very little extended, very gradually much brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 9.5 by 8.1 arcmin.
Observatorio Antilhue image of region near spiral galaxy NGC 7424, overlaid on a DSS background to fill in areas not covered by the higher quality image
Above, an 18 arcmin wide composite image centered on NGC 7424
(Image Credit as for image below, but overlaid on a DSS background)
Below, a roughly 9 arcmin wide image of the galaxy
(Image Credit & © Daniel Verschatse, Observatorio Antilhue, Chile; used by permission)
Observatorio Antilhue image of spiral galaxy NGC 7424
Below, a roughly 7 arcmin wide image of the galaxy (Image Credit ESO)
ESO image of central two thirds of spiral galaxy NGC 7424

NGC 7425 (= PGC 70097)
Discovered (1886) by
Frank Muller
Also observed (date?) by Herbert Howe
A magnitude 14.2 lenticular galaxy (type SB0/a?) in Aquarius (RA 22 57 15.5, Dec -10 57 01)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7425 (Muller list I (#259), 1860 RA 22 49 25, NPD 101 41.6) is "extremely faint, very little extended, 10th magnitude star 4' to west". The second IC lists a corrected RA (per Howe) of 22 49 55.
, Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.9 by 0.6 arcmin.

NGC 7426 (= PGC 70042)
Discovered (Oct 18, 1786) by
William Herschel
Also observed (Nov 17, 1827) by John Herschel
A magnitude 12.3 elliptical galaxy (type E2?) in Lacerta (RA 22 56 02.9, Dec +36 21 41)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7426 (= GC 4868 = JH 2192 = WH III 576, 1860 RA 22 49 29, NPD 54 22.6) is "very faint, considerably small, round, stellar, double star to west".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.7 by 1.4 arcmin.

NGC 7427 (= PGC 70091)
Discovered (Nov 22, 1865) by
Otto Struve
A magnitude 15.1 lenticular galaxy (type S0?) in Pegasus (RA 22 57 09.9, Dec +08 30 20)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7427 (= GC 6102, O. Struve, 1860 RA 22 50 05, NPD 82 17) is "faint, small, 9th magnitude star 4' to southeast".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.7 by 0.7 arcmin.

NGC 7428 (= PGC 70098)
Discovered (Jul 27, 1864) by
Albert Marth
A magnitude 12.5 spiral galaxy (type SBa?) in Pisces (RA 22 57 19.5, Dec -01 02 57)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7428 (= GC 6103, Marth #510, 1860 RA 22 50 07, NPD 91 47) is "faint, very small, round, brighter middle".
Physical Information: About 2.4 by 1.4 arcmin apparent size.

NGC 7429
(= OCL 249)

Discovered (Sep 29, 1829) by
John Herschel
A magnitude ? open cluster (type III2p) in Cepheus (RA 22 55 58.0, Dec +60 00 30)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7429 (= GC 4869 = JH 2193, 1860 RA 22 50 18, NPD 30 45.4) is "a cluster, poor, pretty compressed, stars from 9th to 11th magnitude".
Physical Information: About 15 arcmin across.

NGC 7430 (= PGC 70106)
Discovered (Aug 27, 1864) by
Heinrich d'Arrest
A magnitude 14.3 spiral galaxy (type S??) in Pegasus (RA 22 57 29.7, Dec +08 47 38)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7430 (= GC 6104, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 22 50 26, NPD 81 57.2) is "extremely faint, very small".
Physical Information: About 0.4 by 0.2 arcmin apparent size.

NGC 7431
(= PGC 1765321)

Discovered (Sep 30, 1886) by
Guillaume Bigourdan
A magnitude 15.0 pair of compact galaxies (type C? + C?) in Pegasus Western galaxy at RA 22 57 38.6, Dec +26 09 52 Eastern galaxy at RA 22 57 39.0, Dec +26 09 51
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7431 (Bigourdan (list II #92), 1860 RA 22 50 54, NPD 64 35.0) is "extremely faint, very small".
Physical Information: A contact double system. Apparent size 0.4 by 0.2? arcmin. There is considerable confusion about the proper identification of the NGC objects in the compact group of galaxies near this one. As a result, Wikisky identifies this pair only by its PGC number.

Per Corwin, there is a galaxy () at 22 57 28.3 +26 06 26 that is an apparent companion of 7421

NGC 7432 (= PGC 70129)
Discovered (Nov 23, 1785) by
William Herschel
Also observed (Oct 17, 1825) by John Herschel
A magnitude 13.3 elliptical galaxy (type E3?) in Pegasus (RA 22 58 01.9, Dec +13 08 04)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7432 (= GC 4870 = JH 2194 = WH III 465, 1860 RA 22 51 02, NPD 77 37.0) is "extremely faint, small, round".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.6 by 1.2 arcmin.

Per Corwin, there is galaxy () at 22 58 02.5, +13 08 03 that is an apparent companion of 7432

NGC 7433 (= PGC 70112)
Discovered (Oct 12, 1855) by
R. J. Mitchell
Also observed (Sep 15, 1865) by Heinrich d'Arrest
A magnitude 14.9 spiral galaxy (type S??) in Pegasus (RA 22 57 51.7, Dec +26 09 44)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7433 (= GC 4872, 3rd Lord Rosse, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 22 51 09, NPD 64 36.0) is "extremely faint, very small, west of h 2195", (JH) 2195 being NGC 7436.
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits the discovery to William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, he notes that many of Rosse's nebular discoveries were actually made by one of his assistants, in this case R. J. Mitchell.
Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.7 by 0.2 arcmin. There is considerable confusion about the proper identification of the NGC objects in the compact group of galaxies near this one. As a result, Wikisky (almost certainly incorrectly) identifies this galaxy as NGC 7431.

Per Corwin, there is a galaxy () at 22 57 46.1, +26 11 18 that is an apparent companion of 7433

NGC 7434 (= PGC 70145)
Discovered (Jul 27, 1864) by
Albert Marth
A magnitude 15.1 lenticular galaxy (type E/S0?) in Pisces (RA 22 58 21.5, Dec -01 11 02)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7434 (= GC 6105, Marth #511, 1860 RA 22 51 10, NPD 91 55) is "very faint, very small, round, stellar".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.6 by 0.3 arcmin.

NGC 7435 (= PGC 70116)
Discovered (Oct 12, 1855) by
R. J. Mitchell
Also observed (Nov 27, 1899) by Stephane Javelle
A magnitude 14.2 spiral galaxy (type SBa?) in Pegasus (RA 22 57 54.5, Dec +26 08 20)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7435 (= GC 4873, 3rd Lord Rosse, 1860 RA 22 51 13, NPD 64 37) is "extremely faint, south of h 2195", (JH) 2195 being NGC 7436. The second IC suggests "= Javelle 1427".
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits the discovery to William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, he notes that many of Rosse's nebular discoveries were actually made by one of his assistants, in this case R. J. Mitchell.
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.2 by 0.7 arcmin.

Per Corwin there is a galaxy to the sse () at 22 57 56.6 +26 06 40 that is an apparent companion of 7435

NGC 7436 (= PGC 70124 + PGC 70123 = "NGC 7436A")
Discovered (Dec 2, 1784) by
William Herschel
Also observed (Aug 18, 1828) by John Herschel
A pair of galaxies in Pegasus
PGC 70124 = "NGC 7436A" = A magnitude 12.6 elliptical galaxy (type E0?) at RA 22 57 57.5, Dec +26 09 00
PGC 70123? = "NGC 7436B" = A magnitude 14.7 spiral galaxy (type S?? pec) at RA 22 57 56.2, Dec +26 09 00
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7436 (= GC 4871 = JH 2195 = WH III 243, 1860 RA 22 51 13, NPD 64 35.9) is "faint, pretty small, faint star attached on west, gradually brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size of PGC 70124 is about 2.0 by 2.0 arcmin. Apparent size of PGC 70123 is about 0.6 by 0.2 arcmin. Various references call one galaxy NGC 7436 or 7436A, and the other NGC 7436B; but which is which varies from one reference to another, so the PGC listings should be used to ensure proper identification. (Even worse, Wikisky labels PGC 70123 as NGC 7436, and PGC 70124 as NGC 7433, which is almost certainly wrong.) Part of an apparently compact group of galaxies (NGC 7433, 7435 and 7436, and some smaller apparent companions) so close together that proper identification of the NGC objects is difficult (current identifications are per Steinicke; a thorough reassessment will be presented in a later iteration of this page).
SDSS image of region near multiple galaxy NGC 7436, also showing NGC 7431, 7433 and 7435
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 7433, 7435 and 7436, also showing NGC 7431
Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide SDSS image of the close grouping
SDSS image of multiple galaxy NGC 7436, also showing NGC 7433 and 7435

Per Corwin, there is a galaxy () at 22 57 56.6, +26 06 40 that is an apparent companion of NGC 7436

NGC 7437 (= PGC 70131)
Discovered (Oct 31, 1885) by
Lewis Swift
A magnitude 13.3 spiral galaxy (type Scd?) in Pegasus (RA 22 58 10.1, Dec +14 18 31)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7437 (Swift list II (#94), 1860 RA 22 51 23, NPD 76 26.6) is "most extremely faint, large, round, faint star near on northeast, very difficult".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.8 by 1.8 arcmin.

NGC 7438
Discovered (Nov 8, 1831) by
John Herschel
A group of stars in Cassiopeia and Lacerta (RA 22 57 11.0, Dec +54 20 12)
Corwin also lists a position for the middle of the cluster at RA 22 57 11.0, +54 20 30
and a position for the norhteastern group at RA 22 57 46.0, Dec +54 29 12
and a position for the southwestern group at RA 22 56 25.0, Dec +54 13 54
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7438 (= GC 4874 = JH 2196, 1860 RA 22 51 36, NPD 36 23.9) is "a cluster, very large, extended".
Physical Information: About 20 arcmin across. A poorly defined scattering of stars, so the location of the center is uncertain, and being close to the border between two constellations it was inevitable that some references put the center in Cassiopeia and others in Lacerta; but either way the cluster overlaps the boundary, and therefore lies in both constellations.

NGC 7439 (= PGC 70134)
IDENTIFICATION UNCERTAIN
Discovered (Sep 9, 1863) by
Albert Marth
Also observed (Aug 3, 1891) by Guillaume Bigourdan
A magnitude 14.0 lenticular galaxy (type SB0?) in Pegasus (RA 22 58 09.9, Dec +29 13 42)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7439 (= GC 6106, Marth #512, 1860 RA 22 51 58, NPD 61 30) is "a long patch of faint nebulosity". The second IC lists a corrected NPD (per Bigourdan) of 61 35.
Discovery Notes: Bigourdan looked for NGC 7439 on Oct 1 and 19, 1886, but could not find it. He finally found it in 1891 (as shown above), 5 arcmin to the south of the NGC position (hence the note in the IC2).
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.0 by 0.6 arcmin.

NGC 7440 (= PGC 70152)
Discovered (Oct 9, 1876) by
Édouard Stephan
Also observed (Sep 1, 1886) by Guillaume Bigourdan
A magnitude 13.5 spiral galaxy (type SBa?) in Andromeda (RA 22 58 32.6, Dec +35 48 09_
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7440 (= GC 6107, Stephan list VIII (#25), 1860 RA 22 52 00, NPD 54 56.8) is "extremely faint, small, irregularly round". The second IC states "Bigourdan gives RA 22 52 10, NPD 54 53. This differs from Stephan's place by 10 seconds and 4 arcmin. Perhaps Stephan applied his (2 arcmin) Δδ (difference in declination) with the wrong sign".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.4 by 1.1? arcmin.

NGC 7441 (=
IC 1458?)
(= PGC 70080)

Discovered (Aug 28, 1789) by William Herschel
Discovered (1886) by Ormond Stone (and later listed as NGC 7441)
Discovered (Sep 17, 1892) by Stephane Javelle (and later listed as IC 1458)
A magnitude 13.8 spiral galaxy (type Sc?) in Aquarius (RA 22 56 41.4, Dec -07 22 45)
Corwin also lists a less likely identification at RA 22 59 29.2, Dec -07 03 17
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7441 (Ormond Stone list I (#260), (W. Herschel), 1860 RA 22 52 25, NPD 97 48) is "very faint, pretty small, irregularly round, 10th magnitude star to west, PD ?", the last note being due to the fact that Stone marked the object's declination with a question mark (which was well justified, as it was off by half a degree if this identification is correct).
Discovery Notes: William Herschel observed this object with his 40-foot telescope, but never published the observation, so it does not appear in the GC or NGC. Wolfgang Steinicke found the observation while analyzing Herschel's 40-foot sweep data (hence W. Herschel being in parentheses in the NGC entry shown here).
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.3 by 0.8? arcmin.

NGC 7442 (= PGC 70183)
Discovered (Nov 24, 1861) by
Heinrich d'Arrest
A magnitude 13.5 spiral galaxy (type Sc?) in Pegasus (RA 22 59 26.5, Dec +15 32 54)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7442 (= GC 4875, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 22 52 31, NPD 75 12.6) is "pretty faint, round, between two 16th magnitude stars, 13th magnitude star to northeast".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.1 by 1.1 arcmin.

NGC 7443 (= PGC 70218)
Discovered (Oct 3, 1785) by
William Herschel
Also observed (Sep 9, 1825) by John Herschel
A magnitude 11.6 lenticular galaxy (type SB0(s)a?) in Aquarius (RA 23 00 08.9, Dec -12 48 28)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7443 (= GC 4876 = JH 2197 = WH II 450, 1860 RA 22 52 46, NPD 103 33.2) is "faint, very small, very little extended, suddenly much brighter middle, extremely mottled but not resolved, northern of 2", the other being NGC 7444.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 3510 km/sec, NGC 7443 is about 165 million light-years away. Given that and its apparent size of 1.5 by 0.5? arcmin, it is about 70 thousand light-years across. The distance calculated for NGC 7443 is about 30 million light-years further than for NGC 7444, but peculiar (non-Hubble expansion) velocities for galaxies are usually a couple of hundred km/sec or more, so they may be somewhat closer together, and a well-separated but still gravitationally bound pair.
DSS image of region near lenticular galaxy NGC 7443, also showing NGC 7444
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 7443, also showing NGC 7444
Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
DSS image of lenticular galaxy NGC 7443

NGC 7444 (= PGC 70219)
Discovered (Oct 3, 1785) by
William Herschel
Also observed (Sep 9, 1825) by John Herschel
A magnitude 12.9 lenticular galaxy (type SB0(r)?) in Aquarius (RA 23 00 09.0, Dec -12 50 03)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7444 (= GC 4877 = JH 2198 = WH II 451, 1860 RA 22 52 46, NPD 103 34.3) is "faint, very small, very little extended, suddenly much brighter middle, extremely mottled but not resolved, southern of 2", the other being NGC 7443.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 2920 km/sec, NGC 7444 is about 135 million light-years away. Given that and its apparent size of 1.7 by 0.6? arcmin, it is about 65 thousand light-years across. The distance calculated for NGC 7444 is about 30 million light-years closer than for NGC 7443, but peculiar (non-Hubble expansion) velocities for galaxies are usually a couple of hundred km/sec or more, so they may be somewhat closer together, and a well-separated but still gravitationally bound pair.
DSS image of lenticular galaxy NGC 7444
Above, a 2.4 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 7444; see NGC 7443 for a wide-field image

NGC 7445 (= PGC 70178)
Discovered (Oct 23, 1878) by
Édouard Stephan
A magnitude 14.6 lenticular galaxy (type E/S0?) in Andromeda (RA 22 59 22.5, Dec +39 06 27)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7445 (Stephan list IX (#31), 1860 RA 22 52 54, NPD 51 38.8) is "extremely faint, very small".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.7 by 0.2 arcmin.

Per Corwin, there is a galaxy () at 22 59 14.3, +39 05 24 that is an apparent companion of NGC 7445

NGC 7446 (= PGC 70185)
Discovered (Oct 23, 1878) by
Édouard Stephan
A magnitude 13.8 elliptical galaxy (type E0?) in Andromeda (RA 22 59 29.0, Dec +39 04 59)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7446 (Stephan list IX (#32), 1860 RA 22 53 00, NPD 51 40.1) is "extremely faint, very small, round, mottled but not resolved".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.8 by 0.8 arcmin.

NOT FOUND
NGC 7447
Recorded (Oct 8, 1855) by
Edward Cooper
Looked for but not found (date?) by Sherburne Burnham
A lost or nonexistent object in Aquarius (RA 23 00 26.0, Dec -10 31 39)
Corwin lists a possible solution at RA 23 00 28.6, Dec -10 30 58
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7447 (= GC 4878, Markree Catalog, 1860 RA 22 53 06, NPD 101 16.7) is "an 11th or 12th magnitude star in a nebula (Auwers 49)". The Notes for the NGC state "G.C. 4878 not found by Tempel on several occasions (A.N. 2284)." The first IC adds "7447: to be struck out, as Burnhan [typo for Burnham] also could not find it. He only saw a faint triple star a little northwest of the place".
Discovery Notes: (Auwers 49) in the NGC refers to an entry in Auwers' catalog which led John Herschel to add Cooper's observation to the GC.

NGC 7448 (=
Arp 13 = PGC 70213)
Discovered (Oct 16, 1784) by William Herschel
Also observed (Oct 7, 1825) by John Herschel
A magnitude 11.7 spiral galaxy (type SA(rs)bc?) in Pegasus (RA 23 00 03.6, Dec +15 58 49)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7448 (= GC 4879 = JH 2199 = WH II 251, 1860 RA 22 53 08, NPD 74 46.2) is "pretty bright, large, extended 173, very gradually brighter middle, 11th magnitude star 2.5 arcmin to east".
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 2195 km/sec, NGC 7448 is about 100 million light-years away, in good agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of 50 to 150 million light-years. Given that and its apparent size of 2.7 by 1.2 arcmin, about 75 thousand light-years across.
SDSS image of region near spiral galaxy NGC 7448, also known as Arp 13
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 7448
Below, a 3 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
SDSS image of spiral galaxy NGC 7448, also known as Arp 13

NGC 7449 (= PGC 70196)
Discovered (Oct 23, 1878) by
Édouard Stephan
A magnitude 14.0 elliptical galaxy (type E3?) in Andromeda (RA 22 59 37.7, Dec +39 08 45)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7449 (Stephan list IX (#33), 1860 RA 22 53 09, NPD 51 36.2) is "very faint, small, round, very small (faint) star in center".
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity of 5090 km/sec, NGC 7449 is about 235 million light-years away. Given that and its apparent size of 1.0 by 0.7? arcmin, it is about 70 thousand light-years across.
SDSS image of region near elliptical galaxy NGC 7449, also showing NGC 7445 and 7446
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 7449, also showing NGC 7445 and 7446
Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
SDSS image of elliptical galaxy NGC 7449
Celestial Atlas
(NGC 7350 - 7399) ←NGC Objects: NGC 7400 - 7449→ (NGC 7450 - 7499)