Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7650 (= GC 4954 = JH 3989, 1860 RA 23 17 18, NPD 148 33.8) is "pretty faint, pretty small, round, gradually a little brighter middle, northwestern of 2", the other being NGC 7652.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.4 by 1.1? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7651 (Swift list IV (#96), 1860 RA 23 17 25, NPD 76 47.6) is "extremely faint, small, round". The position precesses to RA 23 24 27.6, Dec +13 58 30, less than half an arcmin east northeast of PGC 71353, and there is nothing comparable nearby, so the identification is certain. The fainter companion (PGC 3085862) is far too faint for Swift to have seen, but it is almost certainly a fairly close companion of the brighter galaxy, so the NGC listing can be reasonably thought of as either the brighter galaxy (what Swift saw) or as the apparent pair. Possibly = NGC 7644, but the identity of that object is sufficiently uncertain that adding such a statement to the title of this entry seems premature at the time of this post. (Note to self: Steinicke misidentifies the brighter object as PGC 71344, which lies to the west, and overestimates the brightness of the fainter object by a magnitude; so need to use better references for the final version of this entry.)
Physical Information: PGC 71353's apparent size is 1.0 by 0.6 arcmin; PGC 3085862's apparent size is 0.3 by 0.15 arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7652 (= GC 4955 = JH 3990, 1860 RA 23 17 38, NPD 148 40.0) is "extremely faint, small, round, southeastern of 2", the other being NGC 7650.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.2 by 0.7? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7653 (= GC 4956 = JH 2237, 1860 RA 23 17 48, NPD 75 29.6) is "very faint, pretty small, round, gradually brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.6 by 1.5? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7654 (= GC 4957 = JH 2238, M 52, 1860 RA 23 18 03, NPD 29 10.3) is "a cluster, large, rich, much compressed middle, round, stars from 9th to 13th magnitude".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.6 by 1.5? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7655 (= GC 4958 = JH 3991, 1860 RA 23 18 15, NPD 158 47.7) is "extremely faint, very small, round, pretty suddenly a little brighter middle, 10th magnitude star 22 seconds of time to west". The second IC notes "Group of stars, not a nebula (DeLisle Stewart)".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.8 by 0.6? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7656 (Leavenworth list I (#263), 1860 RA 23 18 25, NPD 109 50.9) is "very faint, very small, round, brighter middle and nucleus". The second IC lists a corrected RA (per Howe) of 23 17 11.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.2 by 1.1? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7657 (= GC 4959 = JH 3992, 1860 RA 23 18 41, NPD 148 35.0) is "extremely faint, round".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.4 by 0.4? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7658 (= GC 4960 = JH 3994, 1860 RA 23 18 48, NPD 129 59.9) is "double, both extremely faint, small, round, 4 stars to west".
Physical Information: PGC 71432 apparent size about 0.9 by 0.3 arcmin, PGC 71433 apparent size about 0.6 by 0.25 arcmin (both from the images below).

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7659 (= GC 4961 = JH 2239 = WH III 212, 1860 RA 23 18 53, NPD 76 33.6) is "very faint, very small, round, pretty suddenly brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.8 by 0.3? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7660 (= GC 4962 = JH 2240, 1860 RA 23 18 53, NPD 63 44.1) is "faint, very small, pretty suddenly much brighter middle, 10th magnitude star to west".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.4 by 1.1? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7661 (= GC 4963 = JH 3993, 1860 RA 23 18 56, NPD 156 02.8) is "extremely faint, considerably large, round, very gradually a very little brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.8 by 1.2? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7662 (= GC 4964 = JH 2241 = WH IV 18, 1860 RA 23 19 11, NPD 48 14.0) is "a magnificent or otherwise interesting object, a planetary or annular nebula, very bright, pretty small, round, blue". The second IC adds "The nucleus is variable to the extent of three magnitudes, with a period of 27 1/3 days (Barnard, M.N. lxviii. p. 465)".
PGC Designation Note: For purposes of completeness, LEDA assigned a PGC designation for this object, even though it isn't a galaxy; and since a search of the database for that designation returns a result, it is shown without quotes.
Physical Information: NGC 7662 is 5 to 6 thousand light years away, and 50 to 60 thousand AUs across (its size being as uncertain as its distance). The central, bright portion of the nebula is about 0.6 arcmin across, but a fainter outer halo covers more than 2 arcmin. The nebula's central star is a relatively young, very hot white dwarf (about 75,000 Kelvins, or 135,000 Fahrenheit degrees). In small telescopes it appears to be a nearly starlike, slightly fuzzy 8th magnitude object. In a dark sky, 6 inch or larger telescopes reveal a slightly bluish gray ball (hence its name). The NOAO image below was taken with a 16-inch telescope equipped with a CCD camera. Its colors, though exaggerated, are more or less "true". The false-color HST images of the planetary nebula, aside from showing more detail within the nebula, reveal so-called "fliers", unusually dense outlying blobs of gas which were apparently ejected by the star before the formation of the central nebula.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 6193 (Secchi (#5), 1860 RA 23 19 27, NPD 95 31.3) is "very faint".
Discovery Notes: Ferrari was a fellow of the Roman College Observatory, whose director was Angelo Secchi. Secchi wrote the paper announcing Ferrari's discoveries, so he received the credit in the corresponding NGC entries.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7664 (= GC 6194, Stephan list VIII (#29), Tempel list I, 1860 RA 23 19 43, NPD 65 41.3) is "very faint, star to south, two stars of 11th or 12th magnitude to west".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 2.6 by 1.5 arcmin; with outer arms, nearly 3.6 arcmin wide.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7665 (= GC 4965 = WH III 438, 1860 RA 23 20 01, NPD 100 11.3) is "extremely faint, small, stellar".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.7 by 0.7? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7666 (= GC 6196, Secchi (#8), 1860 RA 23 20 12, NPD 94 57.3) is "very faint".
Discovery Notes: Ferrari was a fellow of the Roman College Observatory, whose director was Angelo Secchi. Secchi wrote the paper announcing Ferrari's discoveries, so he received the credit in the corresponding NGC entries.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7667 (= GC 6197, Secchi (#9), 1860 RA 23 20 12, NPD 90 57.3) is "very faint".
Discovery Notes: Ferrari was a fellow of the Roman College Observatory, whose director was Angelo Secchi. Secchi wrote the paper announcing Ferrari's discoveries, so he received the credit in the corresponding NGC entries.
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.6 by 1.1? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7668 (= GC 6198, Secchi (#10), 1860 RA 23 20, NPD 90 57±) is "(one of three) very faint (nebulae) surrounding GC 6197", GC 6197 being NGC 7667, and the three 'surrounding' nebulae being NGC 7668, 7669 and 7670.
Discovery Notes: Ferrari was a fellow of the Roman College Observatory, whose director was Angelo Secchi. Secchi wrote the paper announcing Ferrari's discoveries, so he received the credit in the corresponding NGC entries.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7669 (= GC 6199, Secchi (#11), 1860 RA 23 20, NPD 90 57±) is "(one of three) very faint (nebulae) surrounding GC 6197", GC 6197 being NGC 7667, and the three 'surrounding' nebulae being NGC 7668, 7669 and 7670.
Discovery Notes: Ferrari was a fellow of the Roman College Observatory, whose director was Angelo Secchi. Secchi wrote the paper announcing Ferrari's discoveries, so he received the credit in the corresponding NGC entries.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7670 (= GC 6199, Secchi (#12), 1860 RA 23 20, NPD 90 57±) is "(one of three) very faint (nebulae) surrounding GC 6197", GC 6197 being NGC 7667, and the three 'surrounding' nebulae being NGC 7668, 7669 and 7670.
Discovery Notes: Ferrari was a fellow of the Roman College Observatory, whose director was Angelo Secchi. Secchi wrote the paper announcing Ferrari's discoveries, so he received the credit in the corresponding NGC entries.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7671 (= GC 4966 = JH 2242 = WH III 226, 1860 RA 23 20 16, NPD 78 18.1) is "pretty bright, small, round, very suddenly much brighter middle, 9th magnitude star to west".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.4 by 0.8? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7672 (= GC 4967, 3rd Lord Rosse, 1860 RA 23 20 28, NPD 78 23.2) is "very faint, small, 5' south of h 2242", (JH) 2242 being NGC 7671.
Discovery Notes: Although Dreyer credits the discovery to William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, he notes that many of Rosse's nebular discoveries were actually made by one of his assistants, in this case R. J. Mitchell.
Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.8 by 0.6? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7673 (= GC 6201, Marth #577, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 23 20 43, NPD 67 10.9) is "faint, small, round".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.3 by 1.2? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7674 (= GC 4968 = JH 2243, 1860 RA 23 20 50, NPD 81 59.5) is "faint, considerably small, gradually brighter middle, western of 2", the othe being NGC 7675 (as a result of their proximity, NGC 7674 is sometimes misidentified as NGC 7675 and vice-versa).
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.1 by 1.0? arcmin.

Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.3 by 0.2? arcmin. (See NGC 7674 for images.)

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7675 (= GC 4969 = JH 2244, 1860 RA 23 21 00, NPD 82 00.1) is "very faint, small, round, gradually brighter middle, eastern of 2", the other being NGC 7674 (as a result of their proximity, NGC 7674 is sometimes misidentified as NGC 7675 and vice-versa).
Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.6 by 0.45 arcmin. Also shown in wide-field image of NGC 7674.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7676 (= GC 4970 = JH 3995, 1860 RA 23 21 03, NPD 150 29.0) is "bright, small, a little extended, very suddenly very much brighter middle equal to 11th magnitude star".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.6 by 0.9? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7677 (= GC 6202, Marth #578, 1860 RA 23 21 09, NPD 67 14) is "extremely faint, very small, stellar".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.6 by 1.0? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7678 (= GC 4971 = JH 2245 = WH II 226, 1860 RA 23 21 34, NPD 68 21.0) is "very faint, pretty large, very little extended, a little brighter middle, among 4 stars". The position precesses to RA 23 28 32.8, Dec +22 25 14, about 1.1 arcmin due east of the galaxy listed above, the description fits and there is nothing else nearby, so the identification is certain.
Discovery Notes: (In the 4th Lord Rosse's publication, and pointed out by Gottlieb) Stoney (using the 3rd Lord Rosse's 72-inch telescope) reported "I saw two knots and a dark space between them. I think the nebula is connected above the dark space." This is interpreted as his almost being able to detect the spiral nature of the "nebula". Lord Rosse's next assistant, R. J. Mitchell, wrote "Spirality distinctly seen. I thought the coil double in more closely upon itself than shown in Mr. Stoney's drawing, and that the central knot had a stellar nucleus or star [presumably the bright region that led to its classification as a Seyfert galaxy, noted below]. The whole nebula looked sparkling..."
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity relative to the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation of 3135 km/sec (and H₀ = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 7678 is about 145 million light years away, in good agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of about 90 to 225 million light years (the HST press release uses a distance of about 165 million light years). Using a distance of 145 million light years and its apparent size of about 2.25 by 1.7 arcmin (from the images below), the galaxy is about 95 thousand light years across (the larger HST distance would increase the size to about 115 thousand light years). The galaxy has considerable star-forming activity and extensive ionized hydrogen (H II) emission, causing it to be classified as a starburst galaxy and as a Seyfert galaxy (type Sy2).
Usage By The Arp Atlas: NGC 7678 is used by the Arp Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as an example of a spiral galaxy with one "heavy" arm, with the comment "Note straight heavy arm."

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7679 (= GC 6203, Marth #579, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 23 21 38, NPD 87 15.4) is "pretty bright, small, round, much brighter middle and nucleus, stellar".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.7 by 0.9? arcmin. A Seyfert galaxy with far-flung star clouds, suggesting recent activity.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7680 (= GC 4972 = JH 2246 = WH III 860, d'Arrest, Stephan list IX (#39), 1860 RA 23 21 41, NPD 58 21.2) is "very faint, small, round, a little brighter middle, mottled but not resolved".
Additional Note: Steinicke states accompanied by PGC 3088959, a 15th-magnitude compact galaxy (type C?, apparent size 0.2 by 0.2? arcmin) just northwest of NGC 7680, at RA 23 28 31.5, Dec +32 25 22; but Herschel couldn't have seen such a faint object, so any connection between the two has no historical significance.
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.9 by 1.9? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7681 (= GC 4973 = JH 2247 = WH II 242, 1860 RA 23 21 52, NPD 73 28.1) is "very faint, small, irregularly round, mottled but not resolved, double star to east".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.8 by 1.5? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7682 (= GC 4974, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 23 21 55, NPD 87 14.4) is "extremely faint, 14th magnitude star 13.7 seconds of time to west and a little north".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 2.0 by 1.8? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7683 (= GC 6204, Secchi (#1), Tempel list I, 1860 RA 23 22 00, NPD 79 20.0) is "faint, 13th magnitude star to north".
Discovery Notes: Ferrari was a fellow of the Roman College Observatory, whose director was Angelo Secchi. Secchi wrote the paper announcing Ferrari's discoveries, so he received the credit in the corresponding NGC entries. Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.9 by 0.9? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7684 (= GC 6205, Marth #580, 1860 RA 23 23 20, NPD 90 41) is "faint, very small, stellar".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.5 by 0.4? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7685 (= GC 4975 = JH 2248 = WH III 426, 1860 RA 23 23 22, NPD 86 52.1) is "extremely faint, considerably large, round, gradually brighter middle, double star near".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.9 by 1.5? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7686 (= GC 4976 = JH 2249 = WH VIII 69, 1860 RA 23 23 29, NPD 41 38.8) is "a cluster, poor, a little compressed, stars from 7th to 11th magnitude".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 15? arcmin, with 6th-magnitude red giant HD 221246 near its center.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7687 (= GC 4977, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 23 23 47, NPD 87 13.2) is "very faint, very small, 11th magnitude star 1 second of time to east, 85 arcsec to north".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 1.3 by 1.0? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7688 (= GC 6206, Struve, Peters, 1860 RA 23 24 06, NPD 69 21.7) is "faint, very small, diffuse, 11th magnitude star 80" distant at position angle 201°".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.4 by 0.3? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7689 (= GC 4978 = JH 3996, Dunlop 347?, 1860 RA 23 24 48, NPD 144 52.4) is "pretty faint, large, round, very gradually brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 2.8 by 1.9? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7690 (= GC 4979 = JH 3997, 1860 RA 23 25 20, NPD 142 28.2) is "considerably bright, small, a little extended, pretty suddenly brighter middle, 8th magnitude star to east".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 2.1 by 0.8? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7691 (= GC 4980 = JH 2250 = WH III 213, 1860 RA 23 25 25, NPD 74 55.2) is "extremely faint, pretty large, forming a triangle with two 10th magnitude stars".
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.1 by 1.6? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7692 (= GC 5079, G. P. Bond (#26, HN 2), 1860 RA 23 25 33, NPD 96 22.2) is "a nebula, 9th magnitude star 18 seconds of time to east and 73 arcsec to south".
Physical Information: Apparent size about 0.45 by 0.3? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7693 (Hall, 1860 RA 23 25 59, NPD 92 03.9) is "a small nebula or nebulous 14th magnitude star, A. N. 2394".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.2 by 0.8? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7694 (= GC 4981 = GC 4982 = WH III 187, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 23 26 06, NPD 93 28.5) is "extremely faint, pretty large, stellar".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.6 by 0.9? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7695 (= GC 6207, Marth #581, 1860 RA 23 26 07, NPD 93 29) is "extremely faint, stellar, near III 187", (WH) III 187 being NGC 7694.
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.6 by 0.3? arcmin. (Near NGC 7694, which see for images.)

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7696 (= GC 6208, Marth #582, 1860 RA 23 26 41, NPD 85 55) is "faint, small, a little extended".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.3 by 0.9? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7697 (= GC 4983 = JH 3998, 1860 RA 23 29 49, NPD 156 19.6) is "most extremely faint, pretty large, certain". The second IC notes as a misprint, "Minutes of RA should be 26".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.6 by 0.3? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7698 (Stephan list XIII (#96), 1860 RA 23 27 02, NPD 65 49.6) is "very faint, extremely small, round, brighter middle and small nucleus".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.0 by 0.8? arcmin.

Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 7699 (= GC 6209, Marth #583, 1860 RA 23 27 14, NPD 93 41) is "extremely faint, very small".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.6 by 0.3? arcmin.