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Page last updated July 2, 2021
Checked Corwin positions, original NGC entries, updating formatting, adding basic pix/etc
Next: Check updated Steinicke databases
NGC 900 (= PGC 9079)
Discovered (Sep 5, 1864) by Albert Marth
A 14th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type S0(rs)a?) in Aries (RA 02 23 32.2, Dec +26 30 42)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 900 (= GC 5231, Marth #57, 1860 RA 02 15 30, NPD 64 08) is "very faint, very small, stellar". The position precesses to RA 02 23 32.9, Dec +26 30 22, right on the galaxy, so the identification is certain. (Despite that, database errors have sometimes resulted in the galaxy's being called NGC 901.)
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.4 by 0.8 arcmin, including its faint outer extensions (from the images below)
Above, a SDSS image laid over a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 900, also showing NGC 901 Below, a 1.8 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 901 (= PGC 212967)
Discovered (Sep 5, 1864) by Albert Marth
A 15th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type S0/a?) in Aries (RA 02 23 34.1, Dec +26 33 25)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 901 (= GC 5232, Marth #58, 1860 RA 02 15 33, NPD 64 05) is "extremely faint, very small". The position precesses to RA 02 23 36.0, Dec +26 33 22, only 2s east of the center of the galaxy, and in exactly the right position relative to NGC 900, which was found by Marth on the same night, so the identification is certain. (Despite that, database errors have sometimes resulted in the object being called NGC 900, or even "lost".)
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.6 by 0.5 arcmin (from images below).
Above, a SDSS image laid over a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 901, also showing NGC 901 Below, a 1 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 902 (= PGC 9021)
Discovered (Nov 28, 1885) by Francis Leavenworth
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBbc?) in Cetus (RA 02 22 21.8, Dec -16 40 44)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 902 (Leavenworth list I (#60), 1860 RA 02 15 35, NPD 107 20.3) is "extremely faint, very small, round".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.55 by 0.45 arcmin (from images below)
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 902 Below, a 0.8 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 903 (= PGC 9097)
Discovered (Dec 13, 1884) by Édouard Stephan
A 16th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type S0?) in Aries (RA 02 24 00.9, Dec +27 21 23)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 903 (Stephan list XIII (#17), 1860 RA 02 15 57, NPD 63 16.9) is "extremely faint, extremely small, round".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.5 by 0.3 arcmin??
Above, a 1 arcmin wide SDSS image of NGC 903; for a wider view see NGC 904
NGC 904 (= PGC 9112)
Discovered (Dec 13, 1884) by Édouard Stephan
A 14th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type E/S0? pec) in Aries (RA 02 24 05.6, Dec +27 20 33)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 904 (Stephan list XIII (#18), 1860 RA 02 16 01, NPD 63 17.7) is "very faint, very small, round, a little brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.2 by 0.9?? arcmin.
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 904, also showing NGC 903 Below, a 3.6 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxies
NGC 905 (= PGC 9038)
Discovered (1886) by Francis Leavenworth
Also observed (date?) by Sherburne Burnham
A 15th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type (R)SB(s)b?) in Cetus (RA 02 22 43.6, Dec -08 43 08)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 905 (Leavenworth list II (#334), 1860 RA 02 16 26, NPD 99 22.2) is "extremely faint, extremely small, round, perhaps a star". The first Index Catalog adds "An extremely faint patch of nebulosity seen by Burnham in or near the place".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.5 by 0.3 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 905 Below, a 0.8 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 906 (= PGC 9188)
Discovered (Oct 30, 1878) by Édouard Stephan
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBab?) in Andromeda (RA 02 25 16.3, Dec +42 05 24)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 906 (Stephan list X (#5), 1860 RA 02 16 30, NPD 48 33.8) is "extremely faint, irregularly extended".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.8 by 1.6 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 906, also showing NGC 909 Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 907 (= PGC 9054)
Discovered (Oct 20, 1784) by William Herschel
Also observed (date?) by John Herschel
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBd?) in Cetus (RA 02 23 01.9, Dec -20 42 43)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 907 (= GC 535 = JH 2477 = WH III 224, 1860 RA 02 16 34, NPD 111 20.6) is "faint, small, extended 90°, gradually brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.0 by 0.6 arcmin? Part of an interacting triplet with IC 223 and NGC 899.
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 907 Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
Below, a 20 arcmin wide DSS image showing NGC 899 and 907, and IC 223
NGC 908 (= PGC 9057)
Discovered (Sep 20, 1786) by William Herschel
A 10th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBc?) in Cetus (RA 02 23 04.5, Dec -21 14 02)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 908 (= GC 536 = WH I 153, 1860 RA 02 16 37, NPD 111 52.3) is "considerably bright, very large, extended".
Physical Information: Apparent size 6.1 by 2.7 arcmin? Used by the de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxies as an example of galaxy type SA(s)c.
Above, a NOAO image overlaid on a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 908 (Image Credit above and below George and Laura Mishler/Adam Block/NOAO/AURA/NSF) Below, a 6 arcmin wide NOAO image of the galaxy
NGC 909 (= PGC 9197)
Discovered (Oct 30, 1878) by Édouard Stephan
A 14th-magnitude elliptical galaxy (type E0?) in Andromeda (RA 02 25 22.8, Dec +42 02 08)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 909 (Stephan list X (#6), 1860 RA 02 16 37, NPD 48 37.1) is "very faint, very small, very small (faint) star involved".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.9 by 0.9 arcmin??
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 909, also showing NGC 906 and 911 Below, a 1.8 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 910 (= PGC 9201)
Discovered (Oct 17, 1786) by William Herschel
Also observed (date?) by Heinrich d'Arrest
A 12th-magnitude elliptical galaxy (type E3-4??) in Andromeda (RA 02 25 26.8, Dec +41 49 27)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 910 (= GC 537 = WH III 571, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 02 16 46, NPD 48 49.5) is "very faint, pretty small, stellar".
Physical Information: Apparent size 4 by 2.5 arcmin??
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 910, also showing NGC 912 and 913 Below, a 4.2 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 911 (= PGC 9221)
Discovered (Oct 30, 1878) by Édouard Stephan
A 13th-magnitude elliptical galaxy (type E5?) in Andromeda (RA 02 25 42.4, Dec +41 57 23)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 911 (Stephan list X (#7), 1860 RA 02 16 56, NPD 48 41.8) is "extremely faint, very small, round, brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.3 by 0.7 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 911, also showing NGC 909 Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 912 (= PGC 9222)
Discovered (Nov 30, 1878) by Édouard Stephan
A 14th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type E/S0?) in Andromeda (RA 02 25 42.8, Dec +41 46 38)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 912 (Stephan list X (#8), 1860 RA 02 16 57, NPD 48 52.5) is "faint, very small, round, brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.9 by 0.8 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 912, also showing NGC 910 and 913 Below, a 1.2 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 913 (= PGC 9230)
Discovered (Nov 30, 1878) by Édouard Stephan
A 15th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type S0??) in Andromeda (RA 02 25 44.6, Dec +41 47 58)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 913 (Stephan list X (#9), 1860 RA 02 16 59, NPD 48 51.2) is "extremely faint, very small, a little brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.5 by 0.2? arcmin.
Above, a 1.2 arcmin wide DSS image of NGC 913; for a wider-field image, see NGC 912
NGC 914 (= PGC 9253)
Discovered (Nov 30, 1878) by Édouard Stephan
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sc??) in Andromeda (RA 02 26 05.2, Dec +42 08 39)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 914 (Stephan list X (#10), 1860 RA 02 17 19, NPD 48 30.5) is "extremely faint, pretty large, diffuse".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.5 by 1.1? arcmin.
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 914 Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 915 (= PGC 9232)
Discovered (Sep 5, 1864) by Albert Marth
A 14th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type S0?) in Aries (RA 02 25 45.6, Dec +27 13 16)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 915 (= GC 5233, Marth #59, 1860 RA 02 17 41, NPD 63 26) is "extremely faint, very small, stellar".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.7 by 0.7 arcmin??
Above, a 1.6 arcmin wide SDSS image of NGC 915; for a wider-field image see NGC 916
NGC 916 (= PGC 9245)
Discovered (Sep 5, 1864) by Albert Marth
A 15th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type S0/a? pec?) in Aries (RA 02 25 47.6, Dec +27 14 34)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 916 (= GC 5234, Marth #60, 1860 RA 02 17 43, NPD 63 25) is "extremely faint".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.9 by 0.3 arcmin??
Above, a SDSS image laid over a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 916, also showing NGC 915 Below, a 1.6 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 917 (= PGC 9258)
Discovered (Nov 22, 1827) by John Herschel
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sab?) in Triangulum (RA 02 26 07.7, Dec +31 54 44)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 917 (= GC 539 = JH 220, 1860 RA 02 17 51, NPD 58 23.6) is "very faint, small, round, 4 stars near (perhaps a very small cluster?)". The position precesses to RA 02 26 09.0, Dec +32 14 29, but there is nothing there. However (per Corwin), Herschel's original note states that the nebula forms a semicircle with the four stars, and the galaxy listed above, though 20 arcmin due south of the NGC position, is more or less in a semicircle with four nearby stars, so despite an unusually large error in the declination, the identification seems reasonably certain.
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.5 by 1.3 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 917 Below, a SDSS image of the galaxy overlaid on a 2.4 arcmin wide DSS image
NGC 918 (= PGC 9236)
Discovered (Jan 11, 1831) by John Herschel
A 12th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBc?) in Aries (RA 02 25 50.8, Dec +18 29 46)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 918 (= GC 538 = JH 221, 1860 RA 02 18 07, NPD 72 08.1) is "pretty faint, large, round, 10th magnitude star 3 arcmin to southeast".
Physical Information: Apparent size 3.5 by 2.0 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 918, showing clouds of dust in our own galaxy Below, a 3.6 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 919 (= PGC 9267)
Discovered (Sep 5, 1864) by Albert Marth
A 15th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sab?) in Aries (RA 02 26 16.7, Dec +27 12 44)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 919 (= GC 5235, Marth #61, 1860 RA 02 18 11, NPD 63 26) is "extremely faint".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.4 by 0.2 arcmin (from images below). Corwin lists a companion at RA 02 27 51.8, Dec +45 56 49.
Above, a SDSS image overlaid on a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 919 Below, a 1.4 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 920 (= PGC 9432 = PGC 2273239 = IC 1799, and not PGC 9377)
Discovered (Sep 11, 1885) by Lewis Swift (and later listed as NGC 920)
Discovered (Jan 28, 1891) by Guillaume Bigourdan (and later listed as IC 1799)
A magnitude 13.7 lenticular galaxy (type S0/a?) in Andromeda (RA 02 28 45.9, Dec +45 58 14)
Historical Misdentification: Per Dreyer, NGC 920 (Swift list II (#20), 1860 RA 02 18 34, NPD 44 39.7) is "extremely faint, extremely small, round, 1 or 2 extremely faint stars near". The position precesses to RA 02 27 36.2, Dec +45 58 15, only about 3 arcmin northwest of PGC 9377, and as a result, until 2014 it was assumed that that galaxy was NGC 920 (and in fact as of September 2020 it is STILL misidentified in both NED and LEDA). However, as discussed in the next paragraph, there are three very good reasons why NGC 920 cannot be PGC 9377, and must be a misrecorded observation of PGC 9342, as shown in the title for this entry.
Historically CORRECT Identification: As pointed out by Steve Gottlieb in 2014, and subsequently confirmed by Wolfgang Steinicke and Harold Corwin, there are three very good reasons why PGC 9377 cannot be NGC 920. First, there are three very bright stars just to the west of PGC 9377, and if that object was Swift's II-20 he would certainly have mentioned them, instead of the fainter stars that he does mention; so the description of the star field is completely wrong. Second, even with an 18-inch telescope Gottlieb found it difficult to see PGC 9377 despite knowing exactly where it is, and there is no doubt that as a result, Swift could not possibly have seen it. Finally, in Max Wolf's copy of Swift's list II he corrected Swift's right ascension for II-20 of (1885) 02 20 10 to 02 21 10, indicating that he felt sure that Swift had made an error of a minute or so in the right ascension. And as it happens, 70 seconds of time to the west of Swift's position there is a galaxy that perfectly fits Swift's description, and per Gottlieb was very easy to see, even without checking its position. As a result there is absolutely no doubt that Swift's II-20 was actually the galaxy listed above, and not the much fainter one that just happened to be closer to his incorrect position.
Note About The Duplicate Entry: Since Swift's observation was assigned to the wrong object, Bigourdan's observation of PGC 9432 was thought to be a new discovery, so it was assigned what eventually turned out to be a duplicate entry (namely, IC 1799); but it was a completely independent discovery.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity relative to the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation of 4820 km/sec (and H0 = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 920 is about 225 million light years away, in good agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of about 220 to 230 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of about 1.1 by 0.4 arcmin (from the images below), the galaxy is about 70 thousand light years across.
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 920, also showing NGC 933 Below, a 1.2 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
PGC 9377 (not = NGC 920)
Not an NGC object but listed here because long misidentified as NGC 920
A magnitude 14.5(?) spiral galaxy (type (R')SB(s)ab) in Andromeda (RA 02 27 51.8, Dec +45 56 49)
Historical Misidentification: As noted in the entry for NGC 920, due to its relative proximity to Swift's position for NGC 920, PGC 9377 was long assumed (and in NED and LEDA still is, as of September 2020) to be NGC 920. However, as discussed there, there are three very good reasons why it cannot be NGC 920, and is therefore not an NGC object at all. As a result, this entry is placed here only to serve as a warning about the misidentification.
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity relative to the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation of 5995 km/sec (and H0 = 70 km/sec/Mpc), PGC 9377 is about 280 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of about 1.45 by 1.05 arcmin (from the images below), the galaxy is about 115 to 120 thousand light years across.
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on PGC 9377, which is not NGC 920 Below, a 1.6 by 2 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 921 (= PGC 9287)
Discovered (Jan 6, 1886) by Ormond Stone
Also observed (date?) by Herbert Howe
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sc?) in Cetus (RA 02 26 33.4, Dec -15 50 51)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 921 (Ormond Stone list I (#52), 1860 RA 02 18 35, NPD 106 28.2) is "extremely faint, small, round, gradually brighter middle". The second Index Catalog lists a corrected RA (per Howe) of 02 19 54. The corrected position precesses to RA 02 26 32.5, Dec -15 50 16, only 0.7 arcmin northwest of the galaxy's center, so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.05 by 0.5 arcmin (from the images below)
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 921 Below, a 1.4 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 922 (= PGC 9172)
Discovered (Nov 17, 1784) by William Herschel
Also observed (date?) by John Herschel
A 12th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SB(s)cd? pec) in Fornax (RA 02 25 04.5, Dec -24 47 17)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 922 (= GC 540 = JH 2478 = WH III 239, 1860 RA 02 18 45, NPD 115 26.2) is "considerably faint, pretty large, round, gradually pretty much better middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.0 by 1.6 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 922 Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
Below, a ? arcmin wide HST image of the galaxy (Image Credit Hubble Legacy Archive, Wikimedia Commons)
NGC 923 (= PGC 9355)
Discovered (Nov 6, 1874) by John Dreyer
Discovered (Oct 30, 1878) by Édouard Stephan
A magnitude 13.7 spiral galaxy (type S(rs)b?) in Andromeda (RA 02 27 34.6, Dec +41 58 40)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 923 (Stephan list X (#11), 1860 RA 02 18 48, NPD 48 40.3) is "very faint, small, round, gradually then suddenly brighter middle". The position precesses to RA 02 27 35.6, Dec +41 57 38, dead center on the galaxy listed above, so Stephan's position was perfect, the description fits and there is nothing comparable nearby, so the identification of his discovery is certain; however, as discussed immediately below, it is equally certain that Dreyer had unwittingly observed the galaxy four years earlier.
Discovery Note: In March of 2020 Yann Pothier, checking Lord Rosse's 1880 paper on research done at Birr Castle with Rosse's 72-inch "Leviathan", discovered that on the date shown above, John Dreyer probably observed this object. Dreyer thought he was observing GC 533 = WH III 570 (= NGC 898), but his description doesn't fit that galaxy, either in terms of its appearance or the position of a nearby star: "Pretty bright (at least not very faint), small, a little extended west northwest to east southeast. A star is in position angle 27.3°, at a distance of 145.5 arcsec." Both the description and the position of the nearby star exactly fit NGC 923, so despite an error of 4.2 minutes of time in the right ascension, it is also certain that that is the galaxy Dreyer saw.
So why did Dreyer make such an error in identifying this galaxy? One possibility would be a misalignment of the 72-inch "Leviathan" at Birr Castle, which was a chore to align, since it was 6 feet wide, 54 feet long, and weighed over 12 tons. But as stated by Wolfgang Steinicke [bracketed items like this represent my additions or alterations of Steinicke's exact words], "The reason why Dreyer missed III 570 (NGC 898) on 6 Nov. 1874 is not due to an incorrect setting of the 72-inch. This is shown by correct data given for the other objects in that night (all observed before GC 533 [NGC 898]): GC 5036 (NGC 7794), GC 82 (NGC 169+IC 1559) and GC 272/78/89 (NGC 483/95/99). Dreyer simply had no coordinates. The main source of the Birr Castle astronomers were JH's catalogues (h, GC). Unfortunatelly, JH could not find III 570 (and III 571 = NGC 910) in his sweeps, though both objects were in his working lists, prepared by CH from her zone catalogue. Thus young Dreyer could only use WH's 2nd catalogue, giving relative positions to Beta Persei. Happy to see a "lE" nebula (at the place of NGC 923), he took the first choice: III 570 (NGC 898), though not at WH's place. For Dreyer derived no position for himself, he used WH's in his catalogues [and therefore later entered Stephan's observation to the NGC as a new object]."
Physical Information: Based on a recessional velocity relative to the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation of 5440 km/sec (and H0 = 70 km/sec/Mpc), NGC 923 is about 250 to 255 million light years away, in reasonable agreement with redshift-independent distance estimates of about 220 to 245 million light years. Given that and its apparent size of about 0.75 by 0.4 arcmin (from the images below), it is about 55 thousand light years across. Given the brightness of its nucleus, it is quite possible that NGC 923 is a starburst galaxy.
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 923 Below, a 1.2 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
Below, a 1 arcmin wide PanSTARRS image of the galaxy
NGC 924 (= PGC 9302)
Discovered (Nov 29, 1785) by William Herschel
A 12th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SB(rs)ab?) in Aries (RA 02 26 46.8, Dec +20 29 51)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 924 (= GC 541 = WH III 474, 1860 RA 02 18 56, NPD 70 07.7) is "extremely faint, very small, irregularly round".
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.5 by 1.1 arcmin (from images below)
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 924 Below, a 2.8 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 925 (= PGC 9332)
Discovered (Sep 13, 1784) by William Herschel
Also observed (date?) by John Herschel
A 10th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBcd?) in Triangulum (RA 02 27 16.8, Dec +33 34 44)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 925 (= GC 542 = JH 222 = WH III 177, 1860 RA 02 18 56, NPD 57 03.4) is "considerably faint, considerably large, extended, very gradually brighter middle, two 13th magnitude stars to northwest".
Physical Information: Apparent size 10.5 by 5.9 arcmin? Used by the de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxies as an example of galaxy type SAB(s)d.
Above, a NOAO image overlaid on a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 925 (Image Credit above & below Pat & Chris Lee/Flynn Haase/NOAO) Below, a 9 arcmin wide NOAO image of the galaxy
NGC 926 (= PGC 9256)
Discovered (1876) by Wilhelm Tempel
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBbc?) in Cetus (RA 02 26 06.7, Dec -00 19 55)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 926 (= GC 5236, Tempel list I (#9), 1860 RA 02 18 58, NPD 91 00.7) is "very faint, pretty small".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.8 by 1.0 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 926 Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 927 (= PGC 9292)
Discovered (Jan 18, 1885) by Johann Palisa
Also discovered (Dec 2, 1885) by Lewis Swift
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBc?) in Aries (RA 02 26 37.3, Dec +12 09 19)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 927 (Palisa (#1), Swift list III (#11), 1860 RA 02 19 05, NPD 78 28.1) is "faint, small, brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.2 by 1.2 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 927 Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 928 (= PGC 9368)
Discovered (Sep 5, 1864) by Albert Marth
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type (R)Sa?) in Aries (RA 02 27 41.0, Dec +27 13 16)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 928 (= GC 5237, Marth #62, 1860 RA 02 19 36, NPD 63 25) is "extremely faint, very small, stellar".
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.65 by 0.4 arcmin (from images below)
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 928 Below, a 0.8 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 929 (= PGC 9334)
Discovered (1886) by Frank Muller
Also observed (date?) by Herbert Howe
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBa?) in Cetus (RA 02 27 18.3, Dec -12 05 13)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 929 (Muller list II (#335), 1860 RA 02 19 45, NPD 102 43.2) is "extremely faint, small, extended 170°, 8.5 magnitude star 4 arcmin to north". The second Index Catalog lists a corrected RA (per Howe) of 02 20 32. The corrected position precesses to RA 02 27 18.1, Dec -12 05 21, right on the galaxy, so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Apparent size 0.85 by 0.4 arcmin (from images below)
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 929 Below, a 1.2 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 930 (not = PGC 9379)
Recorded (Oct 26, 1872) by Ralph Copeland
A nonexistent object Aries (RA 02 27 53.4, Dec +20 21 21)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 930 (= GC 5238, Copeland using Lord Rosse's 72-inch telescope, 1860 RA 02 20 03, NPD 70 16.5) is "extremely faint, small, irregularly round, very gradually brighter middle, II 489 one arcmin southeast", (WH) II 489 being NGC 932. The position precesses to RA 02 27 53.4, Dec +20 21 21, whence the position listed above, but there is nothing there. The description makes it clear that it is a fainter companion of the brighter NGC 932, but perversely, many modern catalogs list the bright object as NGC 930, which is completely backwards and therefore wrong. Per Corwin, Copeland recorded the position of several stars in the region, and they are all exactly where he recorded them, but there is nothing at the location listed for NGC 930, and a bright area on the northeastern corner of NGC 932 which is sometimes listed as NGC 930 is not only not in the right position, but is simply one of the "3 stars involved" in the NGC description of NGC 932. So there is nothing that corresponds to Copeland's observation, and it must be considered nonexistent.
Above, a 2.4 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 932, showing the supposed position of Copeland's nonexistent NGC 930. It could be argued that the nearby galaxy on the northeastern periphery of NGC 932 is NGC 930, but it is one of the "stars" Copeland measured, and cannot be his supposed nebula. More importantly, Dreyer's description of NGC 932 makes it clear that the galaxy is that NGC object, and not NGC 930, despite the fact that many modern catalogs incorrectly list it as NGC 930.
NGC 931 (= PGC 9399)
Discovered (Sep 26, 1865) by Heinrich d'Arrest
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sbc?) in Triangulum (RA 02 28 14.5, Dec +31 18 41)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 931 (= GC 5239, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 02 20 03, NPD 59 19.2) is "faint, pretty large, irregularly round".
Physical Information: Apparent size 3.9 by 0.8 arcmin?
Above, a SDSS image overlaid on a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 931 The southern member of the pair of stars listed as IC 1800 is shown, but the northern star is outside the field of view Below, a 4 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 932 (= PGC 9379, and not = NGC 930)
Discovered (Nov 29, 1785) by William Herschel
A 12th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type S(rs)a?) in Aries (RA 02 27 54.7, Dec +20 19 57)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 932 (GC 543 = WH II 489, 1860 RA 02 20 06, NPD 70 17.2) is "faint, small, a little extended, 3 stars involved". The position precesses to RA 02 27 56.4, Dec +20 20 38, less than 0.8 arcmin from the center of the galaxy, so the identification is certain. Despite that, many modern catalogs list this galaxy as NGC 930, which the original NGC lists as a fainter companion lying an arcmin to the northeast of the brighter galaxy. This is completely backwards from Dreyer's description of the two objects, and therefore wrong. Even without the stated difference in brightness between NGC 930 and 932, the "3 stars involved" in the description of NGC 932 are clearly visible in its images (though as it happens, two of them are actually distant galaxies), confirming the proper identity.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.9 by 1.6 arcmin?
Above, a SDSS image overlaid on a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 932 Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy, which is not NGC 930
NGC 933 (= PGC 9465)
Discovered (Sep 11, 1885) by Lewis Swift
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type S??) in Andromeda (RA 02 29 17.5, Dec +45 54 41)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 933 (Swift list II (#20), 1860 RA 02 20 14, NPD 44 42.8) is "extremely faint, extremely small, round, bright star to northeast".
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.0 by 0.75 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 933, also showing IC 1799 Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 934 (= PGC 9352)
Discovered (1876) by Wilhelm Tempel (I-10)
A 13th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type (R)S0/a?) in Cetus (RA 02 27 32.9, Dec -00 14 40)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 934 (= GC 5240, Tempel list I (#10), 1860 RA 02 20 26, NPD 90 52.7) is "very faint, extremely small, perhaps a planetary nebula?".
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.1 by 1.1 arcmin (from images below)
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 934 Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 935 (= PGC 9388, and with IC 1801 = Arp 276)
Discovered (Sep 18, 1885) by Lewis Swift
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SAB(rs)c?) in Aries (RA 02 28 11.2, Dec +19 35 57)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 935 (Swift list II (#22), 1860 RA 02 20 27, NPD 71 02.3) is "pretty bright, pretty small, round, star 6 seconds of time to east".
Usage By The Arp Atlas: NGC 935 and IC 1801 are used by the Arp Atlas as an example of interacting galaxies, with the note "Both intersecting edges seem dimmed."
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.75 by 0.95 arcmin (from the images below) In the early stages of a collision with IC 1801.
Above, a 12 arcmin wide PanSTARRS image centered on NGC 935 and IC 1801 Below, a 2.75 arcmin wide PanSTARRS image of Arp 276
Below, a 2.75 arcmin wide false-color composite of ultraviolet, infrared and visible-light images of the pair (Image Credit NASA/JPL-Caltech/L. Lanz (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA))
Below, a 1.75 arcmin wide PanSTARRS image of NGC 935 and part of its companion
NGC 936 (= PGC 9359)
Discovered (Jan 6, 1785) by William Herschel
Also observed (date?) by John Herschel
A 10th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type SB0(rs)a?) in Cetus (RA 02 27 37.4, Dec -01 09 22)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 936 (= GC 544 = JH 223 = WH IV 23, 1860 RA 02 20 30, NPD 91 47.2) is "very bright, very large, round, much brighter middle and nucleus, western of 2", the other being NGC 941.
Physical Information: Apparent size 4.7 by 4.1 arcmin? Used by the de Vaucouleurs Atlas of Galaxies as an example of galaxy type SB( rs)0 +.
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS centered on NGC 936 Below, a 4.8 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 937 (= PGC 9480)
Discovered (Dec 12, 1884) by Édouard Stephan
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBc?) in Andromeda (RA 02 29 28.1, Dec +42 14 59)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 937 (Stephan list XIII (#19), 1860 RA 02 20 39, NPD 48 22.7) is "a very faint star slightly nebulous".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.1 by 0.5 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 937 Below, a 1.2 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 938 (= PGC 9423)
Discovered (Dec 30, 1863) by Heinrich d'Arrest
A 12th-magnitude elliptical galaxy (type E3??) in Aries (RA 02 28 33.5, Dec +20 17 01)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 938 (= GC 5241, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 02 20 43, NPD 70 20.6) is "pretty bright, small, round, a little brighter middle, 11th magnitude star to southeast".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.6 by 1.2 arcmin?
Above, a SDSS image overlaid on a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 938 Below, a 2 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 939 (= PGC 9271)
Discovered (Oct 18, 1835) by John Herschel
A 13th-magnitude elliptical galaxy (type E2??) in Eridanus (RA 02 26 21.3, Dec -44 26 46)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 939 (= GC 545 = JH 2479, 1860 RA 02 21 00, NPD 135 04.3) is "very very faint, small, round, gradually very little brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.2 by 1.0 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 939 Below, a 1.8 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 940 (= PGC 9478 = NGC 952)
Discovered (Sep 26, 1865) by Heinrich d'Arrest (and later listed as NGC 940)
Also observed (December 1871) by Édouard Stephan (and later listed as NGC 952)
A 12th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type S0(rs)a?) in Triangulum (RA 02 29 27.5, Dec +31 38 28)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 940 (= JH 5242, d'Arrest, 1860 RA 02 21 07, NPD 58 59.0) is "faint, small, round, brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.2 by 0.9 arcmin??
Above, a SDSS image overlaid on a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 940 Below, a 2 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 941 (= PGC 9414)
Discovered (Jan 6, 1785) by William Herschel
Also observed (date?) by John Herschel
A 12th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBc?) in Cetus (RA 02 28 27.9, Dec -01 09 05)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 941 (= GC 546 = JH 224 = WH III 261, 1860 RA 02 21 22, NPD 91 47.0) is "very faint, considerably large, round, eastern of 2", the other being NGC 936.
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.7 by 1.8 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on NGC 941 Below, a 3 arcmin wide SDSS image of the galaxy
NGC 942 (= PGC 9458, and with NGC 943 = Arp 309)
Discovered (1886) by Frank Muller
Also observed (date?) Sherburne Burnham
A 13th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type Irr 0? pec?) in Cetus (RA 02 29 10.3, Dec -10 50 10)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 942 (Muller list I (#53), 1860 RA 02 21 30, NPD 101 27.2) is "very faint, round, perhaps a nebulous double star with (NGC) 943". The first Index Catalog lists a corrected position (per Burnham) of RA 02 22 23.5, NPD 101 28.1, and confirms that NGC 942 and 943 are a "double nebula, faint nuclei". (Note: Although the NGC clearly indicates that NGC 942 is the southern member of the pair, the identifications are often switched, especially when images show north on the bottom.)
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.0 by 0.65 arcmin? Interacting with NGC 943, as shown in the images below. The pair is used by the Arp Atlas as an example of an "unclassified" galaxy.
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 942 and 943, also showing IC 230 Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide DSS image of the pair of galaxies
NGC 943 (= PGC 9459, and with NGC 942 = Arp 309)
Discovered (1886) by Frank Muller
Also observed (date?) Sherburne Burnham
A 13th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type S0/a? pec?) in Cetus (RA 02 29 09.7, Dec -10 49 41)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 943 (Muller list I (#54), 1860 RA 02 21 30, NPD 101 26.2) is "very faint, round, perhaps a nebulous double star with (NGC) 942". The first Index Catalog lists a corrected position (per Burnham) of RA 02 22 22.7, NPD 101 27.6, and confirms that NGC 942 and 943 are a "double nebula, faint nuclei". (Note: Although the NGC clearly indicates that NGC 943 is the northern member of the pair, the identifications are often switched, especially when images show north on the bottom.)
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.4 by 0.65 arcmin? Interacting with NGC 942, which see for images. The pair is used by the Arp Atlas as an example of an "unclassified" galaxy.
NGC 944 (= IC 228 = PGC 9300)
Discovered (Jan 1, 1886) by Francis Leavenworth (and later recorded as NGC 944)
Also observed (date?) by Herbert Howe (while listed as NGC 944)
Discovered (Dec 7, 1891) by Stephane Javelle (and later recorded as IC 228)
A 14th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type S0/a?) in Cetus (RA 02 26 41.5, Dec -14 30 57)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 944 (Leavenworth list I (#62), 1860 RA 02 21 30, NPD 105 09.2) is "extremely faint, small, much extended 0°, suddenly brighter middle." The second Index Catalog lists a corrected RA (per Howe) of 02 20 00, ninety seconds to the west of Leavenworth's position. The corrected position precesses to RA 02 26 41.2, Dec -14 31 17, right on the galaxy, so the identification is certain; but by the time the correction was made Javelle had already rediscovered the object, leading to the double listing. (Per Corwin, even without Howe's correction, Leavenworth's original sketch and notes would have made it clear that despite his poorly recorded position, his observation was of the same object oberved by Javelle half a decade later.)
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.1 by 0.4 arcmin? (Corwin lists a companion at RA 02 26 39.2, Dec -14 30 45)
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 944 Below, a 1.2 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 945 (= PGC 9426)
Discovered (Nov 28, 1785) by William Herschel
Also observed (date?) by John Herschel
A 12th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBc?) in Cetus (RA 02 28 37.3, Dec -10 32 21)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 945 (GC 547 = JH 225 = JH 2480 = WH II 487, 1860 RA 02 21 48, NPD 101 10.2) is "very faint, large, irregularly round, gradually a little brighter middle". The position precesses to RA 02 28 37.0, Dec -10 32 30, right on the galaxy, so the identification is certain.
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.3 by 2.2 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide NOAO/DSS composite image centered on NGC 945, also showing NGC 948 (Image Credit above and below Bob Tait and John Kielty/Adam Block/NOAO/AURA/NSF) Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide NOAO/DSS composite image of the galaxy
NGC 946 (= PGC 9556)
Discovered (Dec 12, 1884) by Édouard Stephan
A 13th-magnitude lenticular galaxy (type S0??) in Andromeda (RA 02 30 38.5, Dec +42 13 56)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 946 (Stephan list XIII (#20), 1860 RA 02 21 49, NPD 48 23.6) is "faint, small, round, gradually a little brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.5 by 1.0 arcmin??
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 946 Below, a 3 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 947 (= PGC 9420)
Discovered (Nov 10, 1835) by John Herschel
A 13th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBc?) in Cetus (RA 02 28 33.1, Dec -19 02 31)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 947 (= GC 548 = JH 2481, 1860 RA 02 22 02, NPD 109 40.1) is "pretty bright, extended, gradually brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 2.1 by 1.1 arcmin.?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 947 Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
NGC 948 (= PGC 9431, and not = NGC 945)
Discovered (Nov 1, 1886) by Lewis Swift
Also observed (date?) by Ormond Stone
Supposedly but probably not observed (date?) by Sherburne Burnham
A 14th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type SBc?) in Cetus (RA 02 28 45.4, Dec -10 30 50)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 948 (Swift list V (#29), Ormond Stone list I (#??), 1860 RA 02 22 12, NPD 101 08.6) is "very faint, small, round". The position precesses to RA 02 29 01.0, Dec -10 30 57, at nearly the correct declination, but almost 16 seconds of time east of the galaxy listed above. Despite that error in position, a comparison of the description with that of NGC 945, which lies just to the southwest of NGC 948, makes the identification seem reasonably certain. The most questionable item is a "corrected" position in the first Index Catalog (per Burnham) of RA 02 21 47, NPD 101 10.1, which is identical to that for NGC 945, and would seem to make NGC 948 and NGC 945 duplicate listings. However, this equivalence (which probably means that Burnham actually observed NGC 945 and mistook it for NGC 948) was apparently never noticed, and the identification of NGC 948 with the fainter galaxy to the northeast of NGC 945 seems to have never been in doubt.
Physical Information: Apparent size 1.4 by 1.1 arcmin??
Above, a NOAO image laid over a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 948, also showing NGC 945 (Image Credit above and below Bob Tait and John Kielty/Adam Block/NOAO/AURA/NSF) Below, a 2.4 arcmin wide NOAO/DSS composite image of the galaxy
NGC 949 (= PGC 9566)
Discovered (Sep 21, 1786) by William Herschel
Also observed (date?) by John Herschel
A 12th-magnitude spiral galaxy (type Sb?) in Triangulum (RA 02 30 48.7, Dec +37 08 12)
Historical Identification: Per Dreyer, NGC 949 (= GC 549 = JH 226 = WH I 154, 1860 RA 02 22 15, NPD 53 29.4) is "considerably bright, large, extended, very gradually brighter middle".
Physical Information: Apparent size 3.0 by 1.6 arcmin?
Above, a 12 arcmin wide DSS image centered on NGC 949 Below, a 3 arcmin wide DSS image of the galaxy
Below, a 0.7 arcmin wide HST image of the central core (Image Credit Hubble Legacy Archive)
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