Page last updated May 19, 2020
PGC 37635 (= NGC 4002)
A magnitude 14.1 lenticular galaxy (type SA(l)00) in Leo (RA 11 57 59.3, Dec +23 12 07)
For anything else see NGC 4002
PGC 37636 (= IC 2982 = "NGC 4004B")
A magnitude 14.3 lenticular galaxy (type E/S0?) in Leo (RA 11 57 51.4, Dec +27 52 07)
For anything else see IC 2982
PGC 37639 (with PGC 101374 = Arp 194)
A magnitude 15(?) spiral galaxy (type SABb? pec) in Ursa Major (RA 11 57 54.9, Dec +36 23 35)
NED Designation: A search of NED for PGC 37639 yields a page for the pair of galaxies comprising Arp 194; to reach the page for PGC 37639, search the database for UGC 06945 NED01.
Usage by the Arp Atlas: With PGC 101374, PGC 37639 was used by the Arp Atlas as an example of a galaxy (PGC 37639) with material ejected from its nucleus (actually a separate but interacting galaxy, PGC 101374). The Atlas gives the identification as VV 126, with the note "Outer material connected by thin filament to very hard nucleus."
Physical Information: PGC 37639 has a recessional velocity relative to the Cosmic Microwave Background of 10805 km/sec; its companion has a recessional velocity of 10785 km/sec. Based on their average recessional velocity of 10795 km/sec (and H0 = 70 km/sec/Mpc), a straightforward calculation indicates that they are about 500 to 505 million light years away. However, for objects at such distances, we should take into account the Universal expansion during the time it took their light to reach us. Doing that shows that they were about 480 to 485 million light years away at the time the light by which we see them was emitted, about 490 to 495 million years ago (the difference between the two values being due to the expansion of the intervening space during the light-travel time). Given that and its apparent size of 0.95 by 0.7 arcmin (from the images below), the main part of PGC 37639 is about 130 to 135 thousand light years across. The apparent size of the pair of galaxies is about 1.25 by 1.0 arcmin (also from the images below), so they span about 175 thousand light years.
The appearance of PGC 37639 was caused by a collision with its smaller neighbor ( PGC 101374) about a hundred million years before the moment in time at which we see the pair. Material stripped from the larger galaxy is seen as a line of brightly lit star-forming regions lying between the two, and gravitational compression of gases in the galaxies as a result of their collision caused multiple regions of unusually active star formation within each galaxy.
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on PGC 37639 and PGC 101374, which comprise Arp 194
Below, a 1.5 arcmin wide SDSS image of the pair
Below, a 1.25 arcmin wide image of the pair (Image Credit NASA/ESA/Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA))
Below, a 0.9 arcmin wide image of PGC 37639 (Image Credit as above)
PGC 101374 (with PGC 37639 = Arp 194)
Shown here since a companion of PGC 37639, and with it = Arp 194
A magnitude 15.5(?) spiral galaxy (type SAB(rs)c? pec) in Ursa Major (RA 11 57 56.6, Dec +36 23 00)
Usage by the Arp Atlas: With PGC 37639, PGC 101374 was used by the Arp Atlas as an example of a galaxy (PGC 37639) with material ejected from its nucleus (actually the separate but interacting galaxy, PGC 101374). The Atlas gives the identification as VV 126, with the note "Outer material connected by thin filament to very hard nucleus."
Physical Information: Given the discussion in the entry for PGC 37639, PGC 101374 is about 480 to 485 million light years away. Given that and its apparent size of about 0.45 by 0.3 arcmin (from the images below), it is about 60 to 65 thousand light years across. Its appearance was caused by a collision with its larger neighbor ( PGC 37639) about a hundred million years before the moment in time at which we see the pair. Material stripped from the larger galaxy is seen as a line of brightly lit star-forming regions lying between the two, and gravitational compression of gases in the galaxies as a result of their collision caused multiple regions of unusually active star formation within each galaxy.
Above, a 12 arcmin wide SDSS image centered on PGC 37639 and PGC 101374, which comprise Arp 194
Below, a 1.5 arcmin wide SDSS image of the pair
Below, a 1.25 arcmin wide image of the pair (Image Credit NASA/ESA/Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA))
Below, a 0.6 by 0.4 arcmin wide image of PGC 101374 (Image Credit as above)
PGC 37643 (= NGC 4000)
A magnitude 14.6 spiral galaxy (type Sbc?) in Leo (RA 11 57 57.0, Dec +25 08 40)
For anything else see NGC 4000
PGC 37646 (= NGC 4003)
A magnitude 13.3 spiral galaxy (type (R')SB(rs,ns)ab) in Leo (RA 11 57 59.0, Dec +23 07 30)
For anything else see NGC 4003
PGC 37654 (= NGC 4004)
A magnitude 13.7 spiral galaxy (type SBdm pec) in Leo (RA 11 58 05.2, Dec +27 52 43)
For anything else see NGC 4004
PGC 37655 (= NGC 4006)
A magnitude 12.6 elliptical galaxy (type E3) in Virgo (RA 11 58 05.9, Dec -02 07 12)
For anything else see NGC 4006)
PGC 37656 (= NGC 4001)
A magnitude 15.3 spiral galaxy (type S(r)bc?) in Ursa Major (RA 11 58 06.8, Dec +47 20 05)
For anything else see NGC 4001
PGC 37661 (= NGC 4005 = NGC 4007)
A magnitude 13.1 spiral galaxy (type SAB(rs)bc?) in Leo (RA 11 58 10.2, Dec +25 07 20)
For anything else see NGC 4005 and NGC 4007
PGC 37666 (= NGC 4008)
A magnitude 12.0 elliptical galaxy (type E4?) in Leo (RA 11 58 17.0, Dec +28 11 33)
For anything else see NGC 4008
PGC 37674 (= NGC 4011)
A magnitude 14.7 lenticular galaxy (type S0?) in Leo (RA 11 58 25.4, Dec +25 05 52)
For anything else see NGC 4011
PGC 37677 (not = NGC 4009)
A magnitude 16(?) spiral galaxy (type SBbc?) in Leo (RA 11 58 28.2, Dec +25 12 52)
Often misidentified as NGC 4009; see that and this for anything more
PGC 37686 (= NGC 4012)
A magnitude 13.4 spiral galaxy (type SAB(rs)bc?) in Virgo (RA 11 58 27.5, Dec +10 01 17)
For anything else see NGC 4012
PGC 37687 (= NGC 4016, and with NGC 4017 = Arp 305)
A magnitude 13.8 spiral galaxy (type SB(s)dm pec) in Coma Berenices (RA 11 58 29.1, Dec +27 31 44)
For anything else see NGC 4016
PGC 37690 (= NGC 4024)
A magnitude 11.7 lenticular galaxy (type E/SAB0?) in Corvus (RA 11 58 31.2, Dec -18 20 49)
For anything else see NGC 4024
PGC 37691 (= NGC 4013)
A magnitude 11.2 spiral galaxy (type S(s)b pec) in Ursa Major (RA 11 58 31.3, Dec +43 56 51)
For anything else see a href=ngc40.htm#4013>NGC 4013
PGC 37695 (= NGC 4014, and almost certainly NGC 4028)
A magnitude 12.3 lenticular galaxy (type SAB(sr)bc) in Coma Berenices (RA 11 58 35.8, Dec +16 10 38)
For anything else see NGC 4014 and NGC 4028
PGC 37697 (= NGC 4010)
A magnitude 12.6 spiral galaxy (type S(s)c) in Ursa Major (RA 11 58 37.4, Dec +47 15 39)
For anything else, see NGC 4010
PGC 3094106
Listed here as an apparent companion of PGC 37690 (= NGC 4024)
A magnitude 16(?) spiral galaxy (type SAB(s)b?) in Ursa Major (RA 11 58 36.0, Dec -18 19 45)
For anything else see here
PGC 37699 (= NGC 4018)
A magnitude 13.8 spiral galaxy (type Sab?) in Coma Berenices (RA 11 58 40.7, Dec +25 18 59)
For anything else see NGC 4018
PGC 37702 (= NGC 4015, and with PGC 37703 = Arp 138)
A magnitude 12.8 lenticular galaxy (type E/SA0 pec) in Coma Berenices (RA 11 58 42.6, Dec +25 02 12)
For anything else see NGC 4015
PGC 37703 (with PGC 37702 = Arp 138)
A magnitude 14.8 spiral galaxy (type S(s)b pec) in Coma Berenices (RA 11 58 43.1, Dec +25 02 35)
For anything else see NGC 4015 and this
PGC 37705 (= NGC 4017, and with NGC 4016 = Arp 305)
A magnitude 12.6 spiral galaxy (type SABbc? pec) in Coma Berenices (RA 11 58 45.7, Dec +27 27 09)
For anything else see NGC 4017
PGC 37723 (= NGC 4020)
A magnitude 12.7 spiral galaxy (type SB(s)cd?) in Ursa Major (RA 11 58 56.7, Dec +30 24 43)
For anything else see NGC 4020
PGC 37729 (= NGC 4022)
A magnitude 13.0 lenticular galaxy (type SB(r)0) in Coma Berenices (RA 11 59 01.0, Dec +25 13 22)
For anything else see NGC 4022
PGC 37730 (= NGC 4021)
A magnitude 14.8 elliptical galaxy (type E2?) in Coma Berenices (RA 11 59 02.6, Dec +25 05 00)
For anything else see NGC 4021
PGC 37732 (= NGC 4023)
A magnitude 13.7 spiral galaxy (type SA(r)bc) in Coma Berenices (RA 11 59 05.5, Dec +24 59 20)
For anything else see NGC 4023
PGC 37738 (= NGC 4025)
A magnitude 13.6 spiral galaxy (type SB(s)cd?) in Ursa Major (RA 11 59 10.0, Dec +37 47 32)
For anything else see NGC 4025
PGC 37760 (= NGC 4026)
A magnitude 10.8 lenticular galaxy (type S0°(s)) in Ursa Major (RA 11 59 25.1, Dec +50 57 42)
For anything else see NGC 4026
PGC 37772 (= ESO 572-036 = "NGC 4027A", and with NGC 4027 = Arp 22)
A magnitude 14.5 irregular galaxy (type IB(s)m?) in Corvus (RA 11 59 29.3, Dec -19 19 53)
For anything else see this
PGC 37773 (= NGC 4027 = ESO 572-037, and with PGC 37772 = Arp 22)
A magnitude 11.1 spiral galaxy (type SB(s)dm) in Corvus (RA 11 59 30.2, Dec -19 15 55)
For anything else see NGC 4027
PGC 37816 (= NGC 4029)
A magnitude 13.5 spiral galaxy (type SB(rs)b?) in Virgo (RA 12 00 03.2, Dec +08 10 54)
For anything else see NGC 4029
PGC 213919
Listed here as a possible companion to PGC 37816 = NGC 4029
A magnitude 17.5(?) spiral galaxy (type Sbc?) in Virgo (RA 12 00 04.5, Dec +08 11 46)
For anything else see here
PGC 37845 (= PGC 1126734 = NGC 4030)
A magnitude 10.6 spiral galaxy (type SA(rs)bc?) in Virgo (RA 12 00 23.6, Dec -01 06 00)
For anything else see NGC 4030
PGC 37853 (= NGC 4035)
A magnitude 13.4 spiral galaxy (type SAB(s)cd? pec) in Corvus (RA 12 00 29.3, Dec -15 56 54)
For anything else see NGC 4035
PGC 37855 (= NGC 4031)
A magnitude 14.4 spiral galaxy (type SAB(r)b? pec) in Ursa Major (RA 12 00 31.3, Dec +31 56 51)
For anything else see NGC 4031
PGC 37860 (= NGC 4032, but almost certainly not = NGC 4042)
A magnitude 12.3 spiral galaxy (type Sm?) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 00 32.8, Dec +20 04 26)
For anything else see NGC 4032 and NGC 4042
PGC 37863 (= NGC 4033)
A magnitude 11.7 lenticular galaxy (type E/SAB0?) in Corvus (RA 12 00 34.7, Dec -17 50 33)
For anything else see NGC 4033
PGC 37912 (= IC 755 and probably = NGC 4019)
A magnitude 13.2 spiral galaxy (type SBbc?) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 01 10.4, Dec +14 06 16)
For anything else see IC 755 and NGC 4019
PGC 37928 (= NGC 4037)
A magnitude 11.9 spiral galaxy (type (R)SB(rs)bc?) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 01 23.7, Dec +13 24 04)
For anything else see NGC 4037
PGC 37930 (= NGC 4036)
A magnitude 10.7 lenticular galaxy (type SAB(rs)0/a) in Ursa Major (RA 12 01 26.7, Dec +61 53 45)
For anything else see NGC 4036
PGC 37935 (= NGC 4034)
A magnitude 13.5 spiral galaxy (type SBcd?) in Draco (RA 12 01 29.7, Dec +69 19 26)
For anything else see NGC 4034
PGC 37967 (= ESO 572-047 = NGC 4038, and with NGC 4039 = Arp 244),
one of the Antennae Galaxies
A magnitude 10.3 peculiar spiral galaxy (type SB(s)m pec) in Corvus (RA 12 01 53.0, Dec -18 52 03)
For anything else see NGC 4038
PGC 37969 (= ESO572-048 = NGC 4039, and with NGC 4038 = Arp 244),
one of the Antennae Galaxies
A magnitude 10.3 spiral galaxy (type SA(s)m pec) in Corvus (RA 12 01 53.5, Dec -18 53 10)
For anything else see NGC 4039
PGC 37993 (= NGC 4040)
A magnitude 13.3 elliptical galaxy (type E3?) in Coma Berenices (RA 12 02 05.4, Dec +17 49 24)
For anything else see NGC 4040
PGC 37999 (= NGC 4041)
A magnitude 11.3 spiral galaxy (type SA(rs)bc?) in Ursa Major (RA 12 02 12.2, Dec +62 08 14)
For anything else see NGC 4041
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